Power Struggle Flashcards
Learn the Power Struggle
Name the three types of Collective Farms
kolkhoz, toz and sovkhoz
What law was passed to exploit the Farming Peasants of USSR
7/8ths Law passed on the 7th of the 8th 1932 meant that the government would procure 7/8th of the grain produced by farmers.
Why did the Ukraine Famine kill so many people
Because they had not enough food to eat as 7/8th of it was being forcefully procured by the USSR Govt.
An estimate of how many people died in Ukraine Famine
Around 7 million people
Around how many Kulaks were shipped off to Siberia by the end of collectivisation
Around 10 million Kulaks, with this number excluding those who were killed
What was the Kulak Class
The kulaks were a class of wealthy peasants
The alliance between Stalin and Bukharin known as
The Diumvrate
Trotsky hoped for what idealist future for the USSR
Permanent Revolution
Why was Bukharin not viewed as fit to be the next leader of the USSR
Too young
Not a real Bolshevik/Communist
NEP
What was the Politburo
The Policy making faction of the party in which Stalin was a member of
What was Socialism in One Country
Socialism in one country was an idea introduced by Stalin to counter Trotsky’s idea of Permanent
What attack by the Nazis stopped the third five year plan from commencing
Operation Barbarossa prevented them from commencing the third plan.
What was the supreme economic council called
Vesenkha
What was the nickname of the second plan
Three good years
When did Lenin die?
January 21 1924
What events influenced Lenin’s early death
A series of assassination attempts and strokes and his illness causing him to sometimes have meetings held by his bedside.
What event was Trotsky’s final blow to losing his place in the race to not being next leader of the USSR
He missed Lenin’s Funeral
What event lead to Lenin realising that Stalin was is no way fit to be a leader and mentioning this in his Will and Testament
The incident of Krupskaya in which Stalin insulted Lenin’s wife.
Who were the 25,000s
The twenty-five-thousanders were a group of activists sent by the government to carry out dekulakization on the peasants and carry out to collectivisation
When did the Drought take place?
Between 1931 - 1934
Who were the class enemy?
The Kulaks
Name three aims of Industralisation
Defence
Catching up the west(modernisation)
Socialism
Power Consolidation
Heavy Industry
State the four focuses of Heavy Industry / The four raw materials
Timber
Iron
Coal
Oil
Why did Trotsky miss Lenin’s funeral
Because Stalin had told him the “wrong date” he also claimed to be “too sick to go”
What happened at the Central Committee meeting in 1924
Stalin was recognised as the next successor and Lenin’s Will and Testament was ignored
What was the alliance between Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev known as
The Triumvirate
Why did USSR decide to collectivise
The Scissor crisis of 1928/ Grain Procurement Crisis of 1928
War Scare
Defeat of Bukharin called the need for a new economic policy
Why was NEP removed altogether
Not seen as socialist
NEP no longer yielded the results it did in its early years
It was always seen as a temporary solution to the econ crisis after the civil war
When was the first-five-year plan launched
1928
What was the overall idea of collectivisation
To replace giant private farms with collective farms run by the state
To give the state economic control over agriculture
To erase Kulak influence
What were primary methods used to force kulaks into collectives
Force, terror and coercion
What lead to dekulakisation becoming so agressive
The Kulaks refused the prices offered by the state
What was the major issue with the 25,000s
Most of them had no clue about farming and were sent to set up collectives
What was a major setback to collectivisation
Many peasants were illiterate and uneducated and were unable to use the equipment this lead to many of the new farming tech to break.
What was the quota set for the amount of Kulaks meant to be round up
10 Million
What is meant by the term ‘Central Planning’
All economic planning to be done by the state.
Define the term Gosplan
Set targets
Between what years did the second-five-year plan take place
1933-37
What was the Stakhanovite movement?
It was a propaganda movement defining what the average soviet man look like and was based off of Alexi Stakhanovite. It was made to create pressure amongst the soviet workers.
When was the great turn left?
1927
When did the Ukraine Famine begin
1932
What did the second-five-year plan focus on?
To continue the development of heavy industry and promote the growth of Light Industries: Chemicals, electronics, consumer goods.
To develop communications and provide links between cities and other industrial areas.
To foster engineering and tool-making.
PQ; To what extent do you agree that Stalin was solely to be credited for his rise to power, and what other factors may play into this. Use your own knowledge to back up this point (Brainstorm before flipping card)
Agree;
Stalin had control over congress meaning his policies were not declined. He built alliances and switched sides to take down the other side. Developed his own policy base. Exploited the divisions between the party. The popularity of his policies; i.e twinning of NEP and socialism in one country making him seem like he was ‘putting Russia first’ a nationalist move that would consolidate his power.’ And Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution was too remote for the everyday Russian experience. Ban of factionalism allowed him to scrutinise the United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev). Making himself an avid worker within the Politburo.
Disagree;
Trotsky who despite held a lot of power did not fight back against Stalin for he ‘trusted the party apparatus’. Kamenev and Zinoviev agreeing to not display Lenin’s will and Testament. Allowing Stalin to be promoted to general secretary at the 13th congress. His party workers overlooking his ability. Factionalism, the united opposition between Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev. (Considerable point - The failure of party members in addressing Stalin’s shifting alliances to take down sides and complete control over congress)
Extra;
Remember to link back points in relation to question and expand. Only write whats relevant (no need to include everything in agree and disagree)
By what percentage did the first-five-year plan aim to increase production by
300%
What was Bonapartism in relation to the power struggle
The fear of a Trotsky disctatorship
What are four criterium to be considered for Stalin’s successful rise to power
His Ideologies, debates / disputes; i.e. socialism in one country
Stalin’s political skill; i.e. control over congress
Mistakes/ Miscalculations of his opponents; i.e. promotion to general secretary
Shifting alliances/ population of policies; i.e. twinning of NEP and Socialism in one country viewed as patriotic and ‘putting Russia first’
What position did Stalin give himself at Lenin’s funeral?
Chief Mourner
Name the major projects
Magnitogorsk, The Turksib, Moscow Metro, Moscow Volga Canal, The Dnie Prostrol Dam
What was Magnitogorsk
Magnitogorsk- meaning magnetic mountain an industrial city with the largest iron and steel works in the country and was known as Steel City
Who was Sergei Ordzonhokidze
Lead the people’s commissariats
What was the Vesenkha
The supreme economic council
Between what period did the first-five-year plan last
1929 - 1933
What did Stalin mean by ‘dizzy with success’
He claimed that agricultural collectivization had been carried out with excessive zeal, leading to “excesses” that had to be corrected.
When did the third-five-year plan take place
Between 1937/38 - 41
What was Dnie Prostroi
A hydro electric dam used to power the USSR cities
