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History > Power Struggle > Flashcards

Power Struggle Flashcards

Learn the Power Struggle

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1
Q

Name the three types of Collective Farms

A

kolkhoz, toz and sovkhoz

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2
Q

What law was passed to exploit the Farming Peasants of USSR

A

7/8ths Law passed on the 7th of the 8th 1932 meant that the government would procure 7/8th of the grain produced by farmers.

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3
Q

Why did the Ukraine Famine kill so many people

A

Because they had not enough food to eat as 7/8th of it was being forcefully procured by the USSR Govt.

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4
Q

An estimate of how many people died in Ukraine Famine

A

Around 7 million people

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5
Q

Around how many Kulaks were shipped off to Siberia by the end of collectivisation

A

Around 10 million Kulaks, with this number excluding those who were killed

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6
Q

What was the Kulak Class

A

The kulaks were a class of wealthy peasants

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7
Q

The alliance between Stalin and Bukharin known as

A

The Diumvrate

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8
Q

Trotsky hoped for what idealist future for the USSR

A

Permanent Revolution

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9
Q

Why was Bukharin not viewed as fit to be the next leader of the USSR

A

Too young
Not a real Bolshevik/Communist
NEP

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10
Q

What was the Politburo

A

The Policy making faction of the party in which Stalin was a member of

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11
Q

What was Socialism in One Country

A

Socialism in one country was an idea introduced by Stalin to counter Trotsky’s idea of Permanent

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12
Q

What attack by the Nazis stopped the third five year plan from commencing

A

Operation Barbarossa prevented them from commencing the third plan.

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13
Q

What was the supreme economic council called

A

Vesenkha

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14
Q

What was the nickname of the second plan

A

Three good years

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15
Q

When did Lenin die?

A

January 21 1924

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16
Q

What events influenced Lenin’s early death

A

A series of assassination attempts and strokes and his illness causing him to sometimes have meetings held by his bedside.

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17
Q

What event was Trotsky’s final blow to losing his place in the race to not being next leader of the USSR

A

He missed Lenin’s Funeral

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18
Q

What event lead to Lenin realising that Stalin was is no way fit to be a leader and mentioning this in his Will and Testament

A

The incident of Krupskaya in which Stalin insulted Lenin’s wife.

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19
Q

Who were the 25,000s

A

The twenty-five-thousanders were a group of activists sent by the government to carry out dekulakization on the peasants and carry out to collectivisation

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20
Q

When did the Drought take place?

A

Between 1931 - 1934

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21
Q

Who were the class enemy?

A

The Kulaks

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22
Q

Name three aims of Industralisation

A

Defence
Catching up the west(modernisation)
Socialism
Power Consolidation
Heavy Industry

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23
Q

State the four focuses of Heavy Industry / The four raw materials

A

Timber
Iron
Coal
Oil

24
Q

Why did Trotsky miss Lenin’s funeral

A

Because Stalin had told him the “wrong date” he also claimed to be “too sick to go”

25
Q

What happened at the Central Committee meeting in 1924

A

Stalin was recognised as the next successor and Lenin’s Will and Testament was ignored

26
Q

What was the alliance between Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev known as

A

The Triumvirate

27
Q

Why did USSR decide to collectivise

A

The Scissor crisis of 1928/ Grain Procurement Crisis of 1928
War Scare
Defeat of Bukharin called the need for a new economic policy

28
Q

Why was NEP removed altogether

A

Not seen as socialist
NEP no longer yielded the results it did in its early years
It was always seen as a temporary solution to the econ crisis after the civil war

29
Q

When was the first-five-year plan launched

A

1928

30
Q

What was the overall idea of collectivisation

A

To replace giant private farms with collective farms run by the state
To give the state economic control over agriculture
To erase Kulak influence

31
Q

What were primary methods used to force kulaks into collectives

A

Force, terror and coercion

32
Q

What lead to dekulakisation becoming so agressive

A

The Kulaks refused the prices offered by the state

33
Q

What was the major issue with the 25,000s

A

Most of them had no clue about farming and were sent to set up collectives

34
Q

What was a major setback to collectivisation

A

Many peasants were illiterate and uneducated and were unable to use the equipment this lead to many of the new farming tech to break.

35
Q

What was the quota set for the amount of Kulaks meant to be round up

A

10 Million

36
Q

What is meant by the term ‘Central Planning’

A

All economic planning to be done by the state.

37
Q

Define the term Gosplan

A

Set targets

38
Q

Between what years did the second-five-year plan take place

A

1933-37

39
Q

What was the Stakhanovite movement?

A

It was a propaganda movement defining what the average soviet man look like and was based off of Alexi Stakhanovite. It was made to create pressure amongst the soviet workers.

40
Q

When was the great turn left?

A

1927

41
Q

When did the Ukraine Famine begin

A

1932

42
Q

What did the second-five-year plan focus on?

A

To continue the development of heavy industry and promote the growth of Light Industries: Chemicals, electronics, consumer goods.
To develop communications and provide links between cities and other industrial areas.
To foster engineering and tool-making.

43
Q

PQ; To what extent do you agree that Stalin was solely to be credited for his rise to power, and what other factors may play into this. Use your own knowledge to back up this point (Brainstorm before flipping card)

A

Agree;
Stalin had control over congress meaning his policies were not declined. He built alliances and switched sides to take down the other side. Developed his own policy base. Exploited the divisions between the party. The popularity of his policies; i.e twinning of NEP and socialism in one country making him seem like he was ‘putting Russia first’ a nationalist move that would consolidate his power.’ And Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution was too remote for the everyday Russian experience. Ban of factionalism allowed him to scrutinise the United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev). Making himself an avid worker within the Politburo.

Disagree;
Trotsky who despite held a lot of power did not fight back against Stalin for he ‘trusted the party apparatus’. Kamenev and Zinoviev agreeing to not display Lenin’s will and Testament. Allowing Stalin to be promoted to general secretary at the 13th congress. His party workers overlooking his ability. Factionalism, the united opposition between Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev. (Considerable point - The failure of party members in addressing Stalin’s shifting alliances to take down sides and complete control over congress)

Extra;
Remember to link back points in relation to question and expand. Only write whats relevant (no need to include everything in agree and disagree)

43
Q

By what percentage did the first-five-year plan aim to increase production by

A

300%

43
Q

What was Bonapartism in relation to the power struggle

A

The fear of a Trotsky disctatorship

44
Q

What are four criterium to be considered for Stalin’s successful rise to power

A

His Ideologies, debates / disputes; i.e. socialism in one country
Stalin’s political skill; i.e. control over congress
Mistakes/ Miscalculations of his opponents; i.e. promotion to general secretary
Shifting alliances/ population of policies; i.e. twinning of NEP and Socialism in one country viewed as patriotic and ‘putting Russia first’

44
Q

What position did Stalin give himself at Lenin’s funeral?

A

Chief Mourner

45
Q

Name the major projects

A

Magnitogorsk, The Turksib, Moscow Metro, Moscow Volga Canal, The Dnie Prostrol Dam

46
Q

What was Magnitogorsk

A

Magnitogorsk- meaning magnetic mountain an industrial city with the largest iron and steel works in the country and was known as Steel City

47
Q

Who was Sergei Ordzonhokidze

A

Lead the people’s commissariats

48
Q

What was the Vesenkha

A

The supreme economic council

49
Q

Between what period did the first-five-year plan last

A

1929 - 1933

50
Q

What did Stalin mean by ‘dizzy with success’

A

He claimed that agricultural collectivization had been carried out with excessive zeal, leading to “excesses” that had to be corrected.

51
Q

When did the third-five-year plan take place

A

Between 1937/38 - 41

52
Q

What was Dnie Prostroi

A

A hydro electric dam used to power the USSR cities

History (11 decks)

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