Ruby

Question 1

Adding a feature to a programming language to make it easier to do something that was already doable is called adding ANSWER.

Answer 1

syntactic sugar

Question 2

Matz, the creator of Ruby thinks that it is less important to optimize the execution (efficiency) of a programming language and more important to optimize the efficiency of ANSWER

Answer 2

the programmers

Question 3

A programming language is called ANSWER if it is executed by an interpreter rather than by first being compiled with a compiler.

Answer 3

interpreted

Question 4

If the types of a programming language are bound at execution time rather than compile time, then the types are called ANSWER.

Answer 4

dynamically typed

Question 5

In describing the properties of an object oriented language, encapsulation means ANSWER.

Answer 5

Data and behaviour are packaged together

There is a mechanism for restricting access to an object’s components

Question 6

In discussing object oriented languages objects are organized into a class tree to support the property of ANSWER.

Answer 6

inheritance

Question 7

In discussing object oriented languages being able to handle objects of related type is called ANSWER.

Answer 7

Polymorphism

(Polymorphism has a different usage in the object oriented programming community than in the functional programming community)

Question 8

The application that caused a significant increase in the popularity of Ruby was a web framework called ANSWER.

Answer 8

Rails

Question 9

The concurrency approach used in Ruby is ANSWER.

Answer 9

threads

Question 10

The command name for the ruby interpreter is ANSWER.

Answer 10

irb

Question 11

In ruby true.class returns ANSWER

Answer 11

TrueClass

Question 12

Ruby supports two common ways that boolean expressions are handled in programming languages. In one approach both subexpressions of a boolean operator are evaluated before the boolean operator is evaluated. In the other approach called ANSWER the first subexpression in a boolean expression is evaluated and if that is enough to know the result of the boolean expression, then the second subexpression is not evaluated.

Answer 12

short-circuit evaluation

Question 13

In ruby normally when you try to add a String to a Fixnum, you get an error message saying that a String cannot be coerced to a Fixnum. This is because Ruby is ANSWER typed.

Answer 13

strongly

Question 14

One way of checking types is to see what constructor was used to create an object that is a parameter. Another way of checking types is to wait until a method is sent to an object and see if it supports the methods. This second way is called ANSWER.

Answer 14

duck typing

Question 15

A major claim in object oriented design philosophy is that you should code to ANSWER rather than code to implementation.

Answer 15

interface

Question 16

The & notation in the line of Ruby def gerorge(&sam) is used to indicate that sam is ANSWER.

Answer 16

a code block

Question 17

The : notation in the Ruby expressions :hi is used to indicate that hi is ANSWER.

Answer 17

a symbol

Question 18

With respect to the value returned by the Ruby expression:
‘hi’ .object_id == ‘hi’ .object_id
You can say it ANSWER.

Answer 18

could be either true or false

Question 19

With respect to the value returned by the ruby expression:
:hi.object_id== :hi.object_id
You can say it ANSWER.

Answer 19

will always be true

Question 20

To execute a code block in Ruby that is passed to a method but does not appear on its parameter list, you use the keyword ANSWER.

Answer 20

yield

Question 21

To execute a codeblock in Ruby that is passed to a method on its parameter list, you send that parameter the method ANSWER.

Answer 21

call

Question 22

A code block is some lines of code surrounded by either curly braces or ANSWER.

Answer 22

do end

Question 23

In Ruby the expression Fixnum.class returns ANSWER.

Answer 23

Class

Question 24

The root of the inheritance hierarchy in Ruby is the class ANSWER.

Answer 24

Object (According to textbook in 2010)

BasicObject (Updated answer for Ruby 2.3)

Question 25

In Ruby, the name of the method in the class Me that is automatically invoked when a new object of type Me is created with Me.new is ANSWER.

Answer 25

initialize

Question 26

In Ruby, the @ is used to indicated that the variable @me is ANSWER.

Answer 26

an instance variable

Question 27

In Ruby, the @@ is used to indicate that the variable @@me is ANSWER.

Answer 27

a class variable

Question 28

In Ruby, by convention the ? in the method me? is used to indicate that me is ANSWER.

Answer 28

boolean

Question 29

In Ruby, the mixin is used to solve the object-oriented programming problem of ANSWER.

Answer 29

multiple inheritance

Question 30

The feature of programs being able to ‘write programs’ (creating application specific language features) is called ANSWER.

Answer 30

metaprogramming

Question 31

In Ruby, if you declare a class with a class name that is already in use and put in it the definition of a new method, you have changed the functionality of the existing class (even if it is a predefined class like Fixnum). The property of Ruby that allows this is ANSWER.

Answer 31

open classes

Question 32

When you send a message to a Ruby object, Ruby first looks at the methods that object supports, and then starts working the inheritance chain. If it still cant find the appropriate method, the message and its parameters get passed as a message to the object looking for a method called ANSWER.

Answer 32

method_missing

Question 33

In the Ruby community, the acronym DSL is an abbreviation for ANSWER.

Answer 33

domain specific language

Question 34

In Ruby, if a line starts with a method name, that method is being sent to the object named ANSWER.

Answer 34

self

Question 35

When you define a method in a class, normally it is meant to be invoked on an object of that class (an instance method). Sometimes it is meant to be invoked on the class name itself (a class method), like Date.parse( ‘3rd Feb 2001’). In Ruby, to define a class method we put ANSWER at the beginning of the method name in its definition.

Answer 35

self