Rubinsqanda vessels Flashcards
- What genetic defect can lead to foamy macrophages?
Familial hypercholesterolemia and defects in the LDL receptor gene
- Venous grafts (e.g. saphenous veins) in place for 5-10 years can show
atherosclerotic plaques that are indistinguishable from those found in native coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerotic restenosis
- CHF, kidney disease, and liver disease can cause; DVT can cause
generalized noninflamm edema, but the swelling is bilateral; DVT tenderness and swelling, but won’t cause elephantiasis
- A glomus tumor is
a benign tumor of the glomus body, which is often extremely painful. Normally these bodies are neuromyoarterial receptors that are sens to temp and regulate arteriolar blood flow. Main histo components: 1. branching vascular channels in CT stroma 2. aggregates of specialized glomus cells
- Congenital cavernous hemangioma is a
benign lesion consisting of large vascular channels, frequently interspersed with small capillary-type vessels. Think primarily in the SKIN, where they are termed port-wine stains. These can be found in the brain and could cause neurologic symptoms.
Changes they can undergo: thrombosis and fibrosis, cystic cavitations, and intracystic hemorrhage
- Angiosarcoma exhibits
varying degrees of differentiation, ranging from tumors composed of distinct vascular elements to undifferentiated tumors with nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitosis
- Dissecting aneurysms typically affect
the thoracic aorta, but could extend to other vessels; morphologic findings are characteristic of a degen process known as cystic medial necrosis: focal loss of elastic and muscle fibers in the aortic media leads to “cystic” space filled with pools of metachromatic myxoid material
- Cellular elements of thrombi include
fibrin and retained blood elements (platelets and RBCs) that adhere to the vascular wall
- Principle diseases affecting the veins are
- thrombophlebitis (thrombosis-induced local inflamm)
- varicosities (enlarged and tortuous blood vessel: blood flow becomes turbulent and slow, leaking from engorged capillaries into the surrounding tissue and causing stasis and DERMATITIS!!!); they could potentially predispose one to DVT!!
- Dystrophic calcification is a
response to cell injury; serum levels of Ca are NORMAL, and the Ca deposits are located in previously damaged tissue; calcification of the plaque thought to depend on balance of mineral deposition and resorption in areas of vascular necrosis; ; (metastatic calcification associated with HYPERCALCEMIA!!)
- Hemorrhoids are
aggravated by constipation and pregnancy and can result from venous obstruction by rectal tumors (internal hemorrhoids typically bleed without pain, whereas external hemorrhoids typically hurt but don’t bleed)
