rubella

Question 1

How does rubella affect cells?

Answer 1

1) mitotic arrest of cells (structural malformation)
2) angiopathy
3) growth inhibitor effect (small babies)

Question 2

What factor effects infection of rubella on fetus`

Answer 2

time of infection

Question 3

Symptoms in eyes?

Answer 3

cataracts
microphthalmia
glaucoma
retinopathy

Question 4

Symptoms in Ears

Answer 4

Deafness

Question 5

Symptoms in CVS

Answer 5

PDA, ASD/VSD

Question 6

Symptoms in Brain

Answer 6

microcephaly
menincocephalitis
developmental delay

Question 7

Other symptoms

Answer 7

growth retardation
bone disease
hepatosplenomegaly
TCP
rash

Question 8

Why does rubella cause tissue damage

Answer 8

uncontrolled viral replication gives tissue necrosis

Question 9

Most common symptom of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 9

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 10

Ophthalmic symptoms of CRS include

Answer 10

cataract
glaucoma
retinopathy
microphthalmia

Question 11

Congenital heart defects of CRS are

Answer 11

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 12

Which symptoms of CRS tend to present late

Answer 12

neuro liek meningoencephalitis and mental retardation

Question 13

When rubella contracted in first trimester, what is the risk of CRS

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

In the first trimester, what is the risk of fetal loss if rubella contracted

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

Which trimester does rubella have the worst effects in

Answer 15

first trimester

Question 16

What defects can rubella cause in the second trimester

Answer 16

deafness and retinopathy 15% risk

Question 17

What defects can rubella cause in the third trimester

Answer 17

growth issues, very low risk of deafness and retinopathy

Question 18

What are all pregnant women testing for in booking bloods

Answer 18

Rubella IgG

Question 19

If you suspect a pregnant woman has a rubella infection, what tests confirm this

Answer 19

Rubella IgG and rubella IgM for immediate infection

PCR in any secretions and even fetal blood

Question 20

What test can you do to find out how long it has been since an acute rubella infection

Answer 20

Avidity - how tightly bound rubella IgG is to IgM. High avidity means the immunoglobulins are tightly bound and it has been more than three months since acute infection. If this test is done early in pregnancy, a high avidity shows that rubella unlikely to have affected fetus.

Question 21

If a woman has clinical symptoms of rubella in first trimester what can you offer

Answer 21

termination

Question 22

When can non-immunised women receive a rubella vaccinnation

Answer 22

immediately in post partum period