RTR-Atomic structure Flashcards
Give the charge on protons and electrons
proton=+1.602 x 10^-19
electron=-1.602 x 10^-19
Give the mass of protons and neutrons
proton=1.673x10^-27
nucleus=1.675x10^-27
What force holds protons and neutrons together?
Strong nuclear force
What force holds together protons and neutrons?
Electrostatic forces
What is the formula to calculate the no.electrons per shell
2n^2
Why is a vacuum used in TOF?
prevents ions from colliding with air molecules
What is the molecular ion peak? Base peak?
Molecular ion peak: peak with the highest m/z ratio
Base peak: tallest peak (most abundant ion)
Define ionization energy
Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms or ions in the gaseous state
Define first and second ionization energies
First ionization energies=1+charge
second ionization energies=2+charge
successive ionization energies=1+,2+,3+…
Give the factors which affect ionization energies
-nuclear charge
-distance of the outermost electron from the nucleus
-shielding
What is the ionization energy trend down the group
decreases (everything increases)
What is the ionization energy across a period
increases
How many electrons can each sub-shell hold?
S:2
P:6
D:10
F:14
What is the ascending arrangement of subshells?
1s, 2s , 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p
Electron spin
Represented by arrows in the opposite directions
