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Stage 3: EJR - Infectious diseases > RTIs > Flashcards

RTIs Flashcards

1
Q

Who should get the annual flu vaccine

A
  • Over 65
  • Asthmatics
  • Immunocompromised
  • Pregnant women
  • Chronic respi disease, heart disease, renal failure, cancer, diabetes
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2
Q

What is the criteria for differentiating viral and bacterial tonsillitis called

A

Centor criteria

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3
Q

5 components of modified centor criteria (including age)

A
  • Absence of cough
  • Tonsillar exudates
  • History of fever
  • Tender anterior cervical adenopathy
  • Add 1 point for age under 15
  • Subtract 1 point for age over 44
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4
Q

Causes of typical community-acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia
Hib
Klebsiella
Staph aureus

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5
Q

Causes of atypical community-acquired pneumonia

A

Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumonia/psittaci

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6
Q

Risk factors for pneumonia

A

smoking, chronic lung disease, men, middle life, immunocompromised

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7
Q

What can cause pleural effusion in pneumonia

A

Empyema: bacterial invasion of pleural space

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8
Q

What is the ECG change in a pulmonary embolism called?

What does it consist of

A

S1Q3T3

S1: prominent S wave in lead 1
Q3: Q wave inversion in lead 3
T3: T wave inversion in lead 3

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9
Q

Components of CURB-65 score

What is it used for

A

Used for pneumonia

  • Confusion
  • Urea >7
  • Respi rate >30
  • Blood pressure s<90 or d<60
  • Age >65
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10
Q

Components of DECAF score

What is it used for

A

Used for infective exacerbation of COPD

  • Dyspnoea
  • Eosinophils
  • Consolidation on CXR
  • Acidosis in blood
  • A Fib
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11
Q

What would be classed as hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Pneumonia with symptoms starting >48h after admission

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12
Q

Typical vs atypical pneumonia: symptoms

A

TYPICAL vs ATYPICAL

  • high vs moderate fever
  • productive painful cough vs late non-productive cough
  • tachycardia vs relative bradycardia
  • pleuritic chest pain vs none
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13
Q

Which type of pneumoniae are more likely to cause deranged LFTs

A

Atypical

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14
Q

Consolidation would cause what changes on chest exam

  • percussion
  • breath sounds
  • vocal resonance
  • other lung sounds
A

dull percussion
reduced breath sounds
increased vocal resonance
coarse crackles

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15
Q

What a/b are used for pneumonia

A

amoxicillin +/- clarithromycin

If sepsis, Tazocin + clarithromycin

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16
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Widening of airways + excessive mucus production

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17
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis on CXR

A

-atelectasis (lung collapse)

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18
Q

What is empyema

A

Pus in the pleural space

19
Q

Symptoms of lung abscess

A
  • chronic cough
  • foul sputum
  • low fever
  • weight loss
20
Q

Signs of lung abscess

A
  • clubbing

- anaemia

21
Q

What is empyema

A

Pus in the pleural space

Usually secondary to pneumonia

22
Q

Risk factors for reactivation TB

A
  • HIV
  • diabetes
  • lymphoma
  • end stage CKD
  • corticosteroid use
  • TNF inhibitor use
  • increased age
23
Q

Investigations for active TB

A
  • Mantoux test
  • culture
  • sputum smear microscopy (ZN stain)
  • nucleotide antigen amplification test
24
Q

Investigation for latent TB

A
  • Mantoux test

- IFN gamma release assay

25
Q

What 4 drugs are given for TB

A
  • rifampicin
  • isoniazid
  • pyrazinamide
  • ethambutol

2 months of RIPE then 4 months of RI

26
Q

What bacteria is associated with contaminated air conditioning

A

Legionella

27
Q

What is the main bacterial cause of pharyngitis

A

Group A Strep

28
Q

Complications of pharyngitis

A
  • peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
  • otitis media
  • general complications from any strep infection: rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
29
Q

Which organisms usually cause otitis media

A
  • Strep pneumonia
  • Strep pyogenes
  • Staph aureus
  • Hib
30
Q

Does otitis media present with pain?

A

Yes if acute

No if chronic

31
Q

What a/b to use for otitis media

A

Co-amoxiclav

Erythromycin if penicillin allergy

32
Q

What a/b to use for otitis media

A

Co-amoxiclav

Erythromycin if penicillin allergy

33
Q

What organism causes epiglottitis

A

Hib

34
Q

In which age group does epiglottitis usually occur

A

Children <5yo

35
Q

Signs/Symptoms of epiglotittis

A
  • fever
  • acute onset respiratory distress, stridor
  • irritable child
36
Q

What investigations should be done for epiglottitis

A
  • throat swabs (be careful, can precipitate airway obstruction)
  • blood cultures
37
Q

What a/b to use for epiglottitis

A

Cephalosporin

38
Q

Which organism does rusty coloured sputum in pneumonia suggest

A

Strep pneumonia

39
Q

How can pneumonia be diagnosed in the absence of a CXR

A
  • Cough
  • Fever
  • New focal signs on chest exam
  • No other explanation for illness
40
Q

Notable side effects of Rifampicin

A
  • Toxic to liver

- Turns urine orange

41
Q

Notable side effects of Isoniazid

A
  • Toxic to liver

- Peripheral neuropathy

42
Q

Notable side effects of Pyrazinamide

A

-Toxic to liver

43
Q

Notable side effects of Ethambutol

A
  • Retinal neuropathy
  • Blurred/ reduced vision
  • Colour blindness

Stage 3: EJR - Infectious diseases (16 decks)

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