RT2 Flashcards
1 . Low voltage X-ray tubes are generally fitted with windows made of:
a. plastic
b. beryllium
c. glass
d. lead
b. beryllium
- A monochromatic X-ray beam is:
a. a narrow beam used to produce high-contrast
radiographs
b. also referred to as a heterogeneous X-ray beam
c. a beam containing only characteristic X-radiation
d. a beam consisting of a single wavelength
d. a beam consisting of a single wavelength
- The general method of producing X-rays involves the sudden deceleration of high velocity electrons in a solid body called a:
a. focus cup
b. filament
c. target
d. cathode
c. target
- If it were necessary to radiograph a 18 cm (7 in.) thick steel product, which of the following gamma ray sources would most likely be used?
a. Co-60
b. Tm-170
c. lr-192
d. Cs-137
a. Co-60
- A Co-60 gamma ray source has an approximate practical thickness limit of:
a. 63 mm (2.5 in.) of steel or its equivalent
b. 102 mm ( 4 in.) of steel or its equivalent
c. 23 cm (9 in.) of steel or its equivalent
d. 28 cm (11 in.) of steel or its equivalent
c. 23 cm (9 in.) of steel or its equivalent
- The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter depends on the:
a. atomic number, density, and thickness of the
matter
b. Young’s modulus value of the matter
c. Poisson’s ratio value ofthe matter
d. specific activity value of the source
a. atomic number, density, and thickness of the
matter
- The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionize and become electrical conductors make them useful in:
a. X-ray transformers
b. X-ray tubes
c. masks
d. radiation detection equipment
d. radiation detection equipment
- The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of the:
a. atomic number of the cathode material
b. atomic number of the filament material
c. voltage difference between the cathode and anode
d. current flow in the rectifier circuit
c. voltage difference between the cathode and anode
- The uneven distribution of developed grains within the emulsion of a processed X-ray film causes the subjective impression of:
a. graininess
b. streaks
c. spots
d. white scum
a. graininess
- Co-60 is reported to have a half-life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased (over that used initially to produce excellent radiographs when the Co-60 source was new) when the source is two years old?
a. no change in exposure time is needed
b. exposure time should be about 11 percent longer
c. exposure time should be about 31 percent longer
d. exposure time should be about 62 to 100 percent longer
c. exposure time should be about 31 percent longer
- A source of Ir-192, whose half-life is 75 days,
provides an optimum exposure of a given test object today in a period of 20 minutes. Five months from now, what exposure time would be required for the same radiographic density, under similar exposure conditions?
a. 10 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 1 hour and 20 minutes
d. 6 hours
c. 1 hour and 20 minutes
- Of the following, the source providing the most penetrating radiation is:
a. Co-60
b. 220 kVp X-ray tube
c. 15 Me V X-ray betatron
d electrons from Ir-192
c. 15 Me V X-ray betatron
- The gamma ray intensity at 30 cm (1 ft) from a 37 GBq (1 Ci) source of radioactive Co-60 is nearest to:
a. 15 roentgens per hour
b. 1 000 roentgens per hour
c. 1 roentgen per minute
d. 10 milliroentgens per day
a. 15 roentgens per hour
- The focal spot in an X-ray tube:
a. is inclined at an angle of 30º from the normal to the tube axis
b. is maintained at a high negative voltage during operations
c. should be as large as possible to ensure a narrow beam of primary radiation
d. should be as small as possible without unduly shortening the life of the tube
d. should be as small as possible without unduly shortening the life of the tube
- In an X-ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are the two essential parts of the:
a. anode
b. cathode
c. rectifier
d. X-ray transformer
b. cathode
- The quantity of radiation which will produce, by means of ionization, one electrostatic unit of electricity in 0.001293 g of dry air is known as a:
a. millicurie
b. gamma
c. roentgen
d. curie
c. roentgen
- The specific activity of an isotopic source is usually measured in:
a. million electron volts (Me V)
b. curies per gram (Ci/g)
c. roentgens per hour (R/h)
d. counts per minute (cpm)
b. curies per gram (Ci/g)
- Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
a. Tm-170
b. Co-60
c. Ir-192
d. Cs-137
d. Cs-137
- The primary form of energy conversion when electrons strike a target in an X-ray tube results in the production of:
a. primary X-rays
b. secondary X-rays
c. short wavelength X-rays
d. heat
d. heat
- The slope of a straight line joining two points of specified densities on a characteristic curve of a film is known as the:
a. speed of the curve
b. latitude
c. average gradient
d. density
c. average gradient
- An X-ray film having wide latitude also has, by definition:
a. poor definition
b. low contrast
c. high speed
d. none of the above
b. low contrast
- The purpose for circulating oíl in some types of X-ray tubes is to:
a. lubricate moving parts
b. absorb secondary radiation
c. decrease the need for high current
d. dissipate heat
d. dissipate heat
- An X-ray tube with a small focal spot is considered better than one with a large focal spot when it is desired to obtain:
a. greater penetrating power
b. better definition
c. less contrast
d. greater film density
b. better definition
- One method of reducing radiographic contrast is to:
a. increase the distance between the radiation source and the object
b. decrease the distance between the object and the film
c. decrease the wavelength of the radiation used
d. increase development time within manufacturer’s recommendations
c. decrease the wavelength of the radiation used