RT Flashcards
Q/A
- Although there may be other reasons for using calcium tungstate screens in industrial radiography, they are most usually used to:
a. improve definition and resolution in radiographic
images
b. improve contrast in radiographic images
c. decrease exposure time
d. make films respond to multimillion volt radiation
c. decrease exposure time
- An excellent radiograph is obtained under given conditions of exposure with the film located at a distance of 91 cm (36 in.) from the target of the X-ray tube. If the film is now placed only 46 cm (18 in.) from the target, and all exposure conditions except time are held constant, the new exposure time will be:
a. unchanged
b. longer by approximately 80 percent
c. shorter by approximately 55 percent
d. only about 25 percent as long as the original exposure time
d. only about 25 percent as long as the original
exposure time
- An excellent radiograph is obtained under given exposure conditions with a tube current of 5 mA and an exposure time of 12 minutes. If other conditions are not changed, what exposure time would be required if the X-ray tube current could be raised to 10mA?
a. 24 minutes
b. 12 minutes
c. 6 minutes
d. 3 minutes
c. 6 minutes
- In film radiography, penetrameters are usually placed:
a. between the intensifying screen and the film
b. on the source side of the test object
c. on the film side of the test object
d. between the operator and the radiation source
b. on the source side of the test object
- When radiographing to the 2-2T quality Ievel, an ASTM penetrameter for 13 mm (0.5 in.) thick 2024 aluminium alloy has a thickness of:
a. 13 mm (0.5 in.)
b. 5 x 10-5m (2 mils)
c. 13 x 10-5m (5 mils)
d. 25 X 10-5 m (10 mils)
d. 25 X 10-5 m (10 mils)
- The penetrating ability of an X-ray beam is governed by:
a. kilovoltage
b. time
c. milliamperage
d. source-to-film distance
a. kilovoltage
- Co-60 used in nondestructive testing emits:
a. alpha particles
b. neutrons
c. gamma rays
d. X-rays
c. gamma rays
- A densitometer is an instrument for measuring:
a. X-ray intensity
b. film density
c. density of a material
d. tube current
b. film density
- Three liquids which are essential to process an exposed film properly are:
a. stop bath, acetic acid, and water
b. developer, stop bath, and H2O2
c. developer, fixer, and water
d. acetic acid, fixer, and stop bath
c. developer, fixer, and water
- The two most common causes for excessively high-density radiographs are:
a. insufficient washing and overdevelopment
b. contaminated fixer and insufficient washing
c. overexposure and contaminated fixer
d. overexposure and overdevelopment
d. overexposure and overdevelopment
- The time required for one-half of the atoms in a particular sample of radioactive material to disintegrate is called:
a. the inverse square law
b. a curie
c. a half-life
d. the exposure time
c. a half-life
- What does the term R/h refer to when speaking of intensity?
a. radiation limits for humans
b. roentgens per hour
c. X-rays per hour
d. radiation in hydrogen
b. roentgens per hour
- The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called:
a. radiographic contrast
b. radiographic sensitivity
c. radiographic density
d. radiographic resolution
b. radiographic sensitivity
- Movement, geometry, and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic:
a. contrast
b. unsharpness
c. reticulation
d. density
b. unsharpness
- The difference between the densities of two areas of a radiograph is called:
a. radiographic contrast
b. subject contrast
c. film contrast
d. definition
a. radiographic contrast
- The most widely used unit of measurement for measuring the rate at which the output of a gamma ray source decays is the:
a. curie
b. roentgen
c. half-life
d. MeV.
a. curie
- Exposure to X-rays or gamma rays:
a. may have acumulative effect which must be
considered
b. will be beneficial since they build up an immunity
to radiation poisoning
c. will have no effect on human beings
d. will have only a short-term effect on human
tissues
a. may have acumulative effect which must be
considered
- Which dose would be dangerous, if not fatal, if applied to the entire body in a short period of time?
a. 1.5-15 R (4-38 x 10-4 C/kg)
b. 25-70R
c. 200-800 R
d. all of the above doses would most likely be fatal
c. 200-800 R
- When doing gamma ray radiography with high-intensity emitters, the sources are best handled:
a. directly by personnel equipped with special
protective clothing
b. by remote handling equipment
c. directly by personnel with special protective
clothing except when radiographs are being
made
d. by the same methods used for low-intensity
emitters
b. by remote handling equipment
- If a film is placed in a developer solution and allowed to develop without any agitation:
a. the radiograph will not show proper contrast
b. it will be impossible to fix the radiograph
permanently
c. there will be a general “fogging” condition over
the entire radiograph
d. there will be a tendency for areas to affect each
other
d. there will be a tendency for areas to affect each
other
- The selection of the proper type of film to be used for the X-ray examination of a particular part depends on:
a. the thickness of the part
b. the material of the specimen
c. the voltage range of the available X-ray machine
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
- A Co-60 source has a half-life of:
a. 1.2 years
b. 6 months
c. 5.3 years
d. 75 days
c. 5.3 years
- X-ray tube current is controlled by:
a. the current passing through the filament
b. the distance from the cathode to the anode
c. the type of material used in the target
d. the voltage and waveform applied to the X-ray tube
a. the current passing through the filament
- The voltage and waveform applied to the X-ray tube by a high-voltage transformer primarily determines the:
a. quantity of radiation
b. duration of exposure
c. penetrating ability
d. X-ray beam divergence
c. penetrating ability