RPH Lesson 1.2 Flashcards
In the context of history, a ______ can be defined as artifacts
left by the past (Howell and Prevenier, 2001).
source.
Add. notes: This means that any object from
the past can be a source (i.e. old paintings, remains, written documents, etc.).
It is the study of historical writing. It is a method in doing historical research that focuses on gathering documents from various sources (different libraries and archives) to form a pool of evidence needed in making a descriptive or analytical narrative.
Historiography.
The greek words behind historiography.
The term is derived from the Greek word “historia” which means past and “graphia” which means to write.
There are two general kinds of sources of history:
(1) primary sources,
and (2) secondary sources.
These sources of history can simply be defined as first-hand accounts. These accounts are written by the ones who witnessed as the event transpired. This kind of source can usually be found in memoirs, diaries, and personal journals of individuals.
Primary Sources of history
These sources are already a derivative of primary sources which may provide interpretations, reflections, criticisms, etc. of it. Textbooks that compile and provide interpretations of historical events are great examples of secondary sources.
Secondary source.
Some sources provide both primary and secondary segments like
____________
newspapers.
Add. notes: Newspapers usually narrate events from the witness’ perspective
and also provide interpretations and reflections from the writers.
An example of a translated primary source.
the compilation by Emma Blair and James
Robertson’s The Philippine Islands 1493-1898 (1903-09).
Historical sources may also be classified as __________________________
intentional or
unintentional.
____________sources were created solely to leave the information
for the other people or the next generation.
Intentional.
________ sources were
created without the intent to leave the information for coming generations.
unintentional
Example of intentional source
True Version of the 1896 Philippine Revolution by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Example of unintentional source
Manunggul Jar
Furthermore, sources may also be classified as _______________________________________
written, archaeological,
or oral evidence.
Written sources can be categorized into. . .
(1) narrative or literary source:
- Narrative or literary
sources are documents that follow a narrated chronology for a variety of
motives. This category may include diaries, memoirs, even novels, and poetry.
(2) diplomatic source:
Diplomatic sources on the other hand are usually legal documents such as
executive orders or court rulings.
Historians view diplomatic sources as the
purest, most trustworthy, and best sources.
(3) social documents:
Lastly, social documents are
records from organizations and other bureaucracies. Birth, marriage, and death
records are examples of social documents.
These are also good sources of history. This is especially important in telling people about the times when no known written form of evidence has existed. This would include sculptures,
potteries, weapons, jewelry, structures, and many others.
Archaeological or Material evidence
This is information that is transmitted from one generation to
the next through the word of mouth. This kind of evidence as a source is usually from folk songs, tales and stories, and rituals from tribespeople which practice premodern life.
Oral Evidence
this way of testing oral evidence is done by checking the coherence of the
information content to the period, place, etc. it is supposed to tell.
The internal test; Internal criticism looks at the reliability of an authenticated source after it has been subjected to external criticism.
This way of testing the reliability of oral evidence is by knowing whether the narrator is a
member of the group that controls the transmission of the information.
The external test; External criticism is a process by which historians determine whether a source is authentic by checking the validity of the source.
Usually, highly informative and valuable written sources can be found in ________, while unwritten sources are usually found in ________.
archives; museums.
Some sources of Philippine History
the Dominican Provincial Archives (Convent of Santo Domingo),
the· Rizal Library of Ateneo de Manila
(Diliman, Quezon City)
the Philippine National Archives
The Philppine National Library
This is a process by which a document is subjected to validate its authenticity and reliability.
Historical criticism
Two parts of historical criticism
Internal and External criticism
This is concerned with the question of the authenticity of a historical source.
External criticism
This, on the other hand, is concerned with the credibility and reliability of the content of the historical source.
Internal criticism
Other tests besides anachronism to check the validity of a historical source: (There are 5)
Sigillography (sigils), paleography (hand-writing), genealogy (lineage), heraldry (coat of arms), linguistics (grammar and vocabulary)
According to this man. There are also these types of history.
* Original History
* Reflective History
▪ Universal History
▪ Pragmatic History
▪ Critical History
▪ Fragmentary History
* Philosophy of History
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
The other types of history according to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Original History
- Reflective History
▪ Universal History
▪ Pragmatic History
▪ Critical History
▪ Fragmentary History - Philosophy of History
