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BDS2 - prosthetics > RPD design - connectors > Flashcards

RPD design - connectors Flashcards

1
Q

what is a connector

A
  • a term used to describe the rigid part of a partial denture that unites other components
  • there are minor and major
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2
Q

what is a minor connector

A
  • joins points of other components
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3
Q

what is a major connector

A
  • provides rigidity and stableness
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4
Q

what does a minor connector do

A
  • join components such as rests to a major connector

- transfer functional stresses to an abutment tooth

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5
Q

what should a minor connector be

A
  • rigid
  • finish above the survey line on teeth
  • cross gingival margin at right angles
  • keep area self cleaning
  • cover as little gingival tissue as possible
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6
Q

why must the minor connector cross the gingival margin at right angles

A
  • maintain gingival health

- if it had acute angles these would create little spaces called windows that can irritate the gingiva

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7
Q

what should you avoid in minor connectors

A
  • mupltiple ‘Windows’

- these are food ad plaque traps

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8
Q

what should a major connector do

A
  • connects components on one side of the arch to components on the other side
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9
Q

what should major connectors be

A
  • rigid
  • avoid covering the gingival margins
  • be comfortable, as few edges as possible
  • cover as little tissue as is consistent with rigidity
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10
Q

what modifications can be made for major connectors

A
  • base distribution
  • need for tissue support
  • need for indirect retention
  • anatomical limitations
  • prognosis of dentition = planning on giving a denture but some of the teeth you know will not last long so design denture so that it can easily add on more teeth
  • previous denture influence = patient is valuable resource on denture design = if they’re happy reproduce what they already had
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11
Q

what can a major connector be

A

either a plate or a bar

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12
Q

what is a plate connector like

A
  • thinner
  • covers wider area as not as thick
  • option for Craddock class 2 designs
  • cross sectional thickness can be as little as 0.5mm
  • plate designs may cover gingival margin so are only recommended in mandibular is there is no space for a bar
  • to maintain rigidity, depending on coverage and shape of mucosa areas, plate may require to be thicker in cross section
  • general rule = less tooth support= more mucosa support
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13
Q

what are bar connectors like

A
  • advantage of less mucosal coverage
  • must be made suitably thick in cross section to maintain rigidity = bulky
  • common choice for Craddock class 1
  • as there is less space in mandibular arch a bar connector is default choice
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14
Q

what maxillary connectors can you get

A
  • anterior palatal strap
  • mid palatal strap
  • anterior/posterior strap (ring)
  • horseshoe
  • posterior palatal strap
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15
Q

what different about acrylic designs compared to cobalt chrome

A
  • design are pretty much the same

- but acrylic don’t tend to have bars = not good in cross sectional dimension, don’t have lower lingual bar in acrylic

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16
Q

what other type of maxillary connectors can you get in acrylic

A
  • ‘spoon’
  • modified ‘spoon’
  • every
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17
Q

what does the ‘every’ design do

A
  • maintains space between teeth

- doesn’t allow distal drift as has metal connector at back of last standing teeth

18
Q

what mandibular connectors can you get

A
  • lingual bar
  • lingual plate
  • dental bar
  • sublingual bar
  • labial bar
19
Q

when is a lingual bar used

A

is the go-to design for lower dentures

20
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of lingual plate

A
  • advantage = thinner and gives indirect retention

- disadvantage = covers all gingival margins

21
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dental bar

A
  • lots of indirect retention
  • but covers all cingulum of teeth
  • dental bar is actually a continuous clasp
22
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a sublingual bar

A
  • advantage = its below the tongue to patient is not as aware of it
  • disadvantage = need to record function of the flow of the mouth well, as if not it will be very uncomfortable for the patient
23
Q

when is a labial bar used

A
  • used only when the lower anterior teeth are lingually inclined preventing lingual bar
  • very rare
24
Q

why are mucosal borne lower dentures generally not recommended

A
  • due to lack of mucosal support
25
Q

what is the default bar choice for lower arch

A
  • lingual bar
  • bar that is positioned at least 3mm below the gingival margin
  • since the height of the bar is 4mm, the space required is approximately 8mm (3mm from gingival margin, 4mm height of bar, 1mm clearance to functional floor of mouth)
  • need to sure you have the correct spacing the whole way around the lingual bar
26
Q

what bars can you get

A
  • anterior, mid palatal, posterior and anterior and posterior
27
Q

what is good about bar designs

A
  • contain all the theoretical principles advocated for a connect regarding
    = little covering of gingival tissue
    = wide relied of gingival margin to prevent food impaction
    = patient uniquely to be able to distort this denture
28
Q

what is not good about bar designs

A
  • posterior bar offers less support to free-end saddle across the hard palate
  • there are a number of edges that some patients may find uncomfortable = can be problematic
  • greater cross sectional thickness
29
Q

what kinds of plate designs can you get

A
  • full palatal coverage, anterior, mid palatal, posterior and plates can be extended onto tooth surface to provide bracing and reciprocation
30
Q

what is good about plate designs

A
  • rigid connector = but not as rigid as bar
  • wide relief for gingival margins to prevent food impaction
  • support across hard palate for free end saddle
  • less edges for patient to find uncomfortable
  • thinner cross section = more comfortable and smoother for patient
31
Q

what is not good about plate designs

A
  • mucosal tissue is covered = no natural sensation

- need to be careful of windows = these can cause food impaction, but the alternative would cover gingival margins

32
Q

what are some other functions of a major connectors

A
  • extension of major connector can assist stability by resisting functional forces in a horizontal direction
  • help with bracing and stability = especially in deep palatal vault
  • can also provide indirect retention = given support by connectors to resist movement about the axis of the rotation
33
Q

what is beading

A
  • the ‘food line’
  • improves strength and rigidity
  • beading all the way around the border but stops 3mm from the gingival margin
  • it is suggested that a bead on the impression surface of maxillary dentures is useful to facilitate an intimate contact between denture and tissue that will prevent food ingression
  • offers greater degree of rigidity around plate
34
Q

what does and open or closed design depend on

A
  • are we facilitating the passing of saliva from lingual to buccal or labial to palatal
35
Q

what is a closed design

A
  • more contact
  • greeter retention, guide planes
  • possible increased irritation to gingival tissues
36
Q

what is an open design

A
  • an every design has no gingival coverage, greater clearance
  • possible reduced irritation to gingival tissues
  • if can do an open design then that is what you want to improve patients oral health
37
Q

what are saddles for

A
  • mechanical retention is used to retain acrylic flange and teeth to metal base
  • a stop is required on edentulous areas to check fit and ensure denture does not rotate
  • when vertical space is restricted the metal plate can contact the mucosa = however this design can not be retained precisely due to placement of internal finishing lines (particularly in upper dentures)
38
Q

why must tooth position be considered

A
  • can really affect shape of denture
  • should do a tooth trial of replacement teeth before you prescribe a final denture = tooth position is established with putty register on a cast base then established on trial denture
  • tooth position may affect natural occlusion
39
Q

what can be done to maintain natural occlusion

A
  • if lower incisor occludes with the cingulum of the upper anterior teeth then may be damaged in occlusion
  • when occlusion is such that there is limited space between incisor teeth a metal backing can be incorporated to provide an occlusal contact, therefore preventing pressure on upper artificial teeth from debunking from denture base
  • might want to protect artificial tooth from occluding against real tooth
40
Q

what are the dimensions of different denture components

A
  • rests = thickness 0.5mm, 1mm at junction with minor connector
  • lingual bar = height 4mm, thickness 2mm, oval or half pear shape
  • sublingual bar = thickness 4mm, kidney shaped
  • maxillary connectors = 5mm clearance from gingival margin, bead 0.5mm deep to 1mm wide, bars 6mm width and 1.5mm thickness, plate 0.4 thickness
  • minor connectors = width 2mm, thickness 1.5mm
  • cast clasp = length 15mm to engage 0.25mm

BDS2 - prosthetics (10 decks)

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