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biology: cell biology > RP microscopy > Flashcards

RP microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

magnification equation

A

image size/actual size

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2
Q

eyepiece lens

A

lens closest to your eye, usually has a magnification of x10

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3
Q

objective lens

A

three lenses of different strengths, can be used to magnify image more clearly

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4
Q

stage

A

place where you put a microscope slide

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5
Q

diaphragm

A

controls amount of light that goes onto microscope slide

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6
Q

light/mirror

A

projects light onto the microscope slide

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7
Q

arm

A

holds eyepiece lens above stage

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8
Q

base

A

stop microscope from falling over

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9
Q

fine focus knob (smaller knob)

A

used to focus image to improve sharpness

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10
Q

coarse focus knob (larger knob)

A

used to focus image so you can see it clear

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11
Q

total magnification equation

A

magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective

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12
Q

(e, l) magnification

A

electron has a higher magnification (x1000000), light is about (x450 to x600) so electron allows you to see much smaller things in more detail

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13
Q

(e,l) price

A

light microscope much cheaper (£70), compared to electron at £10,000

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14
Q

(e,l) colours

A

light microscope allows you to see in colour, electron is in black and white

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15
Q

what do light microscopes use to form an image?

A

light and lenses

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16
Q

what do electron microscopes use to form an image?

A

electrons

17
Q

(e,l) resolution

A

electron have a higher resolution

18
Q

resolution

A

the ability to distinguish between two points

19
Q

method to prepare

A
  1. add a drop of water to middle of a clean slide
  2. cut up an onion and separate into layers and use tweezers to peel off some epidermal tissue
  3. add a drop of iodine solution to stain and highlight cells
  4. place a cover slip on top by slowly lowering down, try to reduce air bubbles
  5. place the slide on the stage of the microscope
20
Q

method to observe

A
  1. turn the nosepiece to select a low power objective
  2. set up the microscope-use the coarse knob to raise the stage so the end of the objective lens almost touches it
  3. turn the coarse adjustment knob to move the lens towards the slide
  4. look through eyepiece and turn coarse adjustment knob until the cells come into focus
  5. slightly turn the fine adjustment knob to bring the cells into a clear focus
  6. turn the nosepiece to switch to a higher power
  7. use the fine adjustment knob again to bring the cells back into focus
  8. make a clear, labelled drawing of some of the cells, include the magnification
21
Q

safety

A
  1. iodine is an irritant-wear goggles, wash hands
22
Q

equipment list

A

-microscope
-onion
-iodine solution
-slide
-tweezers
-water
-cover slip
-scalpel

23
Q

why is a thin sample of tissue required?

A

allows light to pass through so internal structures can be observed

24
Q

why is water added to the slide?

A

allows the sample to be suspended between the slide and cover slip and ensures cover slip stays in place

25
Q

why is iodine solution added?

A

it adds contrast, turns blue-black as it reacts with starch allowing structures to become more visible

26
Q

why is the cover slip lowered using a mounting needle?

A

to ensure that no air bubbles are trapped

27
Q

define magnification?

A

the number of times bigger an image appears compared to the size of the real object

28
Q

how does a light microscope work?

A

passes a beam of light through a specimen which travels through the eyepiece lens

29
Q

5 advantages of light microscopes

A

inexpensive
easy to use
portable
in colour
living and dead specimens observed

30
Q

disadvantages of light microscope

A

limited resolution

31
Q

how does an electron microscope work?

A

uses a beam of electrons which are focused using magnets, electrons hit a fluorescent screen which emits visible light producing an image

32
Q

2 advantages of electron microscopes

A

greater magnification and resolution

33
Q

how have electron microscopes enabled scientists to develop their understanding of cells?

A

-allow sub-cellular structures to be observed in detail
-enable scientists to develop more accurate explanations

34
Q

4 disadvantages of electron microscopes

A

expensive
large so less portable
black and white
training to use
only observe dead specimens

biology: cell biology (13 decks)

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