cells Flashcards
what type of cell is an animal?
eukaryotic
what type of cell is a bacteria?
prokaryotic
difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
prokaryotic much smaller and simpler, eukaryotic more complex, contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
nucleus
contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell
mitochondria
where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place, produces energy
cytoplasm
gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions
cell membrane
partially permeable barrier that holds the cell together, controls what goes in and out
ribosomes
where proteins are made in the cell
cell wall
outer layer made of cellulose, strengthens the cell, prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
permanent vacuole
contains cell sap, solution of sugar and salts, supports cell and maintains its turgidity
chloroplasts
site of photosynthesis, contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed
sub-cellular structures
the different parts of a cell
list 5 sub-cellular structures of a bacterial cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, plasmid, circular strand of DNA
what do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?
a singular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
plasmids
small rings of DNA found free in the cytoplasm, carry genes
list 2 sub-cellular structures bacteria don’t have
chloroplasts and mitochondria
eukaryote
organism that has linear chromosomes containing DNA coiled bound proteins, contain membrane-bound organelles, contains a nucleus
prokaryote
organism that has a single circular chromosome containing genes, and their DNA is loose in the cytoplasm, doesn’t contain a nucleus
size of a prokaryotic cell
diameter between 0.5 and 5 micrometres
size of a eukaryotic cell
diameter of 20 micrometres or more
what are the two types of cells?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
how is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic?
chromosomal DNA (circular strand of DNA)
plasmid DNA
what is a centimetre?
1 x 10⁻²
what is a millimetre?
1 x 10⁻³
what is a micrometre?
1 x 10⁻⁶
what is a nanometre?
1 x 10⁻⁹
list 5 sub-cellular structures that both animal and plant cells contain?
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
cell membrane
mitochondria
list 3 sub-cellular structures that only plant cells have?
cell wall
vacuole
chloroplast
what is an organelle?
a specialised structure found inside a cell
