Routing Fundamentals

Question 1

router

Answer 1

forwards traffic between subnets, between an internal and external network, or between two external networks

Question 2

routing table

Answer 2

helps determine which route entry is the best fit for the network

Question 3

Directly Connected Route

Answer 3

Learned by physical connection between routers

Question 4

Static Route

Answer 4

Manually configured by an administrator

Question 5

Dynamic Route

Answer 5

Learned by exchanging information between routers

Question 6

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

Answer 6

Operates within an autonomous system

Question 7

Exterior Gateway Protocol

Answer 7

Operate between autonomous system

Question 8

Distance Vector

Answer 8

Sends full copy of routing table to its directly-connected neighbors at regular internval

Question 9

Convergence

Answer 9

Time it takes for routers to update their routing tables once the topology is changed

Question 10

Hold-down Timer

Answer 10

prevents updates for a specific period of time and speeds up convergence

Question 11

Hop count

Answer 11

how many times I have to go through another router to get there

Question 12

Link state

Answer 12

considering speed of the link and most bandwidth to get to destination; requires all routers to know about the paths that all other routers can reach

Question 13

RIP (routing information protocol)

Answer 13

a distance vector protocol that uses hop count (maximum hops of 15; 16 is infinite); updates every 30 seconds

Question 14

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Answer 14

a link state protocol that uses cost

Question 15

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

Answer 15

A link state protocol that also uses cost and functions like OSPF protocol, but not as widely popular

Question 16

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

Answer 16

Hybrid of distance vector and link state protocols that uses bandwidth and delay

Question 17

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Answer 17

a path vector that uses the number of autonomous system hops instead of router hops (only exterior protocol)

Question 18

Dynamic NAT (DNAT)

Answer 18

Automatically assigns an IP address from a pool and gives a one-to-one translation

Question 19

Static NAT (SNAT)

Answer 19

Manually assigns an IP address and gives a one-to-one translation

Question 20

Port Address Translation (PAT)

Answer 20

Sharing of one Public IP by multiple private IP addresses which gives a many-to-one translation; most popular

Question 21

Inside local

Answer 21

private ip address referencing an inside device

Question 22

inside global

Answer 22

public IP address referencing an inside device

Question 23

Outside global

Answer 23

public IP address referencing an outside device

Question 24

outside local

Answer 24

private IP address referencing an outside device

Question 25

Multicast Routing

Answer 25

Multicast sender sends traffic to a Class D IP, known as a multicast group

Question 26

IGMP

Answer 26

Lets routers known which interfaces have multicast receivers and allows clients to join a multicast group

Question 27

PIM (protocol independent multicast)

Answer 27

Routes multicast traffic between routers and forms a multicast distribution tree