Ethernet Fundamentals

Question 1

10BASE-T

Answer 1

Cat3; 10 mbps 100 meters

Question 2

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

Answer 2

Prevents collisions by using carrier-sensing to defer transmissions until no other stations are transmitting; waiting for the gap in the convo to speak; if you speak when another person speaks, you wait and try again later

Question 3

Collision Domain

Answer 3

each area of the network that shares a single segment; any time you have devices on the same hub, you are sharing the same collision domain; devices operate in half duplex when connected to a hub

Question 4

Ethernet switch

Answer 4

increases scalability of a network by creating multiple collision domains; every switch port is its own collision domain; full duplex

Question 5

bandwidth

Answer 5

measures how many bits the network can transmit per second

Question 6

100BASE-FX

Answer 6

MMF
100 Mbps
2 Kilometers

Question 7

100BASE-SX

Answer 7

MMF
100 Mbps
300 Meters

Question 8

1000BASE-SX

Answer 8

MMF
1000 Mbps
220-500 Meters

Question 9

1000BASE-LX

Answer 9

SMF/MMF
1000 Mbps
5 Kilometers/550 meters

Question 10

10GBASE-SR

Answer 10

MMF
10 Gbps
400 Meters

Question 11

10GBASE-LR

Answer 11

SMF
10 Gbps
10 Kilometers

Question 12

If you see S in the name for Fiber, it must be MMF

Answer 12

Don’t forget that!

Question 13

Hub

Answer 13

Also known as a multiport repeater. It is a layer 1 devices that connects multiple network devices and workstations

Question 14

Smart Hub

Answer 14

Active hub with enhanced features like SNMP

Question 15

Bridge

Answer 15

Analyzes source MAC addresses and makes intelligent forwarding decisions based on the destination MAC in the frames

Question 16

Switch

Answer 16

Also known as a multiport bridge, it is a layer 2 device

Question 17

Router

Answer 17

Layer 3 Device that connect muliple networks and makes forwarding decisions based on logical network infomation

Question 18

Layer 3 Switch

Answer 18

Makes Layer 3 routing decisions and then interconnects entire networks, not just network segments; just combines a switch and a router

Question 19

Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)

Answer 19

combines multiple physical connections into a single logical connection to minimize or prevent congestion

Question 20

Power Over Ethernet (PoE 802.3af - 15.4 watts, PoE+ 802.3at - 25.5 watts)

Answer 20

Supplies electrical power over ethernet and requires Cat 5 or higher copper cable

Question 21

Port Monitoring or Mirroring

Answer 21

Makes a copy of all traffic destined for a port and sends it to another port

Question 22

User Authentication (802.1x)

Answer 22

Requires users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network

Question 23

Management Access and Authentication

Answer 23

SSH - Remote Admin program that allows connection to the switch over the network
or a Console Port - allows for local admin of the switch using a separate laptop and a rollover cable (DB9 to RJ45)

Question 24

OOB (out of band) management

Answer 24

keeps all network configuration devices on a separate network

Question 25

First Hop Redundancy

Answer 25

Uses Hot Standby Router Protocol (HRSP) to create virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide active and standby routers

Question 26

MAC Filtering

Answer 26

permits or denies traffic based on device's MAC address

Question 27

Traffic Filtering

Answer 27

Permits or denies traffic based on IP addresses or application ports

Question 28

Quality of Service (QoS)

Answer 28

Forwards traffic based on priority markers

Question 29

Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1d)

Answer 29

Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

Question 30

Broadcast Storm

Answer 30

Multiple copies of frames being forwarded back and forth which then consumes the network

Question 31

Link Cost

Answer 31

Faster cables have lower cost, while slower cables have higher cost

Question 32

VLAN

Answer 32

Allows different logical networks to share the same physical hardware and provides added security and efficiency

Question 33

VLAN Trunking (802.1q)

Answer 33

Multiple VLANs transmitted over the same physical cable

Question 34

VPN

Answer 34

creates a secure VPN tunnel over a public network

Question 35

VPN concentrator

Answer 35

Terminates VPN tunnels and allows for multiple VPN connections in one location

Question 36

VPN Headend

Answer 36

a specific type of VPN concentrator

Question 37

Firewall

Answer 37

placed at the boundary of your network; inside to outside or outside to inside

Question 38

Next Gen Firewall (NXGF)

Answer 38

works at layer 7; detects and prevents attacks

Question 39

Proxy Server

Answer 39

A specialized device that makes requests to an external network on behalf of a client

Question 40

Load Balancer

Answer 40

Distributes incoming requests across various servers in a server farm

Question 41

Content Engine/Caching Engine

Answer 41

Dedicated appliance that performs the caching functions of a proxy server

Question 42

ICS

Answer 42

Industrial Control System - Describes the different types of control systems and associated instrumentation

Question 43

SCADA

Answer 43

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - Acquires and transmits data from different systems to a central panel for monitoring and control