Routes Of Administration And pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

-what the body does with a drug
-the movement of a drug through the body

Question 2

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

-what a drug does to the body
-the body’s response to the drug

Question 3

What is ADME?

Answer 3

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

Question 4

Site of absorption for oral drugs ?

Answer 4

Mouth / Gi tract (gastrointestinal)

Question 5

Site of absorption for respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Nasal passages or lungs

Question 6

Intravenous (IV) site of absorption ?

Answer 6

Directly into venous blood

Question 7

Intramuscular site of absorption ?

Answer 7

Muscles

Question 8

Buccal (cheeks, teeth, gums) site of absorption?

Answer 8

Oral mucosa

Question 9

Transdermal (patches, gels, gums) site of absorption?

Answer 9

Skin

Question 10

What is the Gi tract?

Answer 10

The gastrointestinal tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long tube

Question 11

What is in the GI tract?

Answer 11

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach , small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 12

What is drug absorption?

Answer 12

The movement of drugs into the blood stream

Question 13

Modes of transport for drug absorption?

Answer 13

-Filtration through pores
-passive diffusion through membrane
-active transport
-facilitated diffusion
-phago/pinocytosis

Question 14

What is active transport?

Answer 14

The movement of particles against the concentration gradient using energy (atp)

Question 15

What is passive transport?

Answer 15

The movement of particles along the concentration gradient without energy

Question 16

The path of drug absorption (oral)

Answer 16

GI tract - liver - right heart - lungs - left heart - arterial circulation

Question 17

Drug absorption path (inhalation)

Answer 17

Lungs -left heart -arterial circulation

Question 18

Factors that affect drug distribution?

Answer 18

-rate of distribution
-membrane permeability
-blood perfusion

Question 19

What is bioavailability ?

Answer 19

The fraction of drug that reaches systematic circulation in an unchanged form

Question 20

What is bio transformation?

Answer 20

Biochemical modification or degradation through specialised enzymatic actions

Question 21

What is phase 1 in metabolism?

Answer 21

Non-synthetic reactions which can lead to either the activation or inactivation of the drug

Question 22

What is phase 2 metabolism?

Answer 22

Conjugation or synthetic reactions

Question 23

3 methods of elimination?

Answer 23

-pulmonary -air
-bile- faeces
-renal -urine

Question 24

What is the hepatic portal system?

Answer 24

The hepatic portal system is a series of veins that carry blood from capillaries the stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas to capillaries in the liver. Main function is to deliver deoxygenated blood to the liver to be detoxified before taken back to the heart

Question 25

What is drug half life ?

Answer 25

The time taken for the concentration of the drug in blood to fall by half

Question 26

Common drug tests?

Answer 26

Blood , urine and hair

Question 27

Equation for the estimation of blood alcohol concentration ?

Answer 27

(Total alcohol consumed - amount of alcohol metabolised ) / volume of distribution