Routes For Med Administration Flashcards
What is the most common medication route used?
Oral
Oral route medication types..
Tablets, capsules, liquids, or enteric-coated tablets
How are oral meds absorbed?
Via the intestinal lumen to systemic circulation & metabolized via the liver.
What is the onset of action for oral meds?
Slowest onset of action
Precautions of oral meds…
Patient must be able to swallow & have functioning GI tract
What is the first pass effect?
The concentration of drug is reduced before it reaches systemic circulation.
Process of enteral feeding tube
-
What form of meds is in enteral feeding tube?
Liquid form; some meds can be crushed
Process before an enteral feeding tube..
Elevate head of bed, check placement, check gastric residual
Process during the use of enteral feeding tube
Flush w/ 30 mL water
Administer each med (crushed & diluted w/ 15-30mL water)
Flush with 15-30 mL in between medications
Flush with 30 mL after last dose
Which route is placed under the tongue?
Sublingual
Buccal meds are placed …
Between check and gums
For rectal route, patient is positioned in …
Left sims
Inhalation route is delivered directly to…
Lungs via small particles of drug
Process of nasal route meds…
Blow nose, tip in one nostril, close off other nostril , activate med as client inhales through nose
Avoid blowing nose for 5-10 minutes
The use of adhesive patches to deliver drugs is what route?
Transdermal
Transdermal route of med is designed to …
Deliver consistent systemic amount of drug over a certain period of time
Process for otic med route
Tilt head with affected ear accessible, down & back <3 years, up and out >3 years of age, allow drops to fall down one side of external canal, gently press tragus 3 times
How long should affected ear be up after an otic administration?
5 minutes
Process for ophthalmic med administration…
Tilt head backwards & slightly towards affected side
Client will look up while gently putting pressure downward on lower eyelid
Squeeze into conjunctival sac & release lower lid
Close eyes
At what degree is a subcutaneous injection?
45-90 degree angle
How to inject subcutaneous injections?
Stabilize w/ non dominant hand, inject with dominant thumb & index finger
Inject directly into sub fatty tissue under dermal layer of the skin
What is the rate of absorption for subcutaneous route?
Faster than oral
Less vascular than muscle; slower than intramuscular route
What are the sites for subcutaneous injections?
Upper outer aspect of arm
Abdomen (2 inches from umbilicus)
Anterior thighs
What is the needle gauge for subcutaneous injections?
25-31 G
5/8 inch
What angle are intramuscular injections ?
90 degree angle
Process of injection intramuscular sites
Z track- displace skim with non dominant hand, pull tissue over 1 inch
Let go after needle is removed
Inject directly below subcutaneous tissue
Up to how much liquid can be injected intramuscularly?
Up to 3mL
What are sites for intramuscular injections?
Deltoid
Vastus lateralis
Ventral gluteal
Where is deltoid muscle and how much liquid to inject ?
1-2 inches below acromion process
Up to 2 mL of liquid
Where and how much liquid can be injected on vastus lateralis muscle?
Between greater trochanter and knee
Middle 1/3 of muscle
Up to 3mL of liquid
Where and how much liquid can be injected into ventral gluteal muscle?
Greater trochanter, iliac crest
Up to 3mL of liquid
What are the needle sizes for intramuscular injections?
1 1/2 inch (deltoid)
18-25G; 5/8-1 inch (vastus lateralis)
18-25G’ 1 1/2 inch (ventral gluteal)
When to use ventral gluteal muscle?
When medication requires thicker muscle.
Process for intradermal injections…
Pull skin taught w/ thumb & forefinger of nondominant hand
Inject slowly, watch for small bleb to appear
What angle is intradermal injection?
5 to 15 degree
About 1/8 inch under skin
