Routes

Question 1

Percutaneous skin and musical membranes

Answer 1

Topical

Skin, nasal, eye, ear, vaginal, rectal

Question 2

Routes of administration?

Answer 2

Oral, topical, inhalation, irrigation, parenteral (injection)

Question 3

Drugs delivered into the GI tract. Easiest and most common used. Have a slower onset and a more prolonged effect. Rectal. Most reach therapeutic effects within how long?

Answer 3

Enteral administration. Reach effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour. Food may decrease therapeutic effect.
Aspiration precautions.

Question 4

Forms of oral administration?

Answer 4

Capsules, lozenges or troches, tablets, capsules, emulsions, suspensions, syrups, elixir.

Question 5

Water and oil
Particles in liquid base
Sugar base
A sweetened aromatic solution of alcohol and water

Answer 5

Emulsions
Suspensions
Syrups
Elixir

Question 6

Granulated drug in gelatins
Powdered medication compresses into a flat round or oral disk that is held in the mouth until it dissolves
Compressed powdered

Answer 6

Capsules
Lozenges or troches
Tablets, capsules

Question 7

What can be checked to see if it can be opened or dissolved in water or put in applesauce?

Answer 7

Capsule

Not usually possible if sustained release pellets inside

Question 8

To be held in the mouth until it dissolves

Answer 8

Troches or lozenges

Question 9

Liquid containing particles of solids that are mixed but not totally dissolved.

Answer 9

Suspensions

Must shake before using so medication is not centered on the bottom

Question 10

Drugs applied to the skin and mucous membranes principally have local effects. Except for what, drugs applied these ways have a systemic effect?

Answer 10

Percutaneous administration.
Except for sublingual, buccal and patch (transdermal) have systemic.
May be irritating to the membrane

Question 11

Cleanse and decried a wound

Answer 11

Accuzyme

Question 12

Re-hydrate and reduce thickening of the kin, such as callus formation

Answer 12

Vitamin E cream

Question 13

Reduce inflammation

Answer 13

Kenalog topical

Question 14

Relieve localized signs or symptoms such as itching or rash

Answer 14

Benadryl

Question 15

Provide a protective barrier

Answer 15

Vitamin A and D ointment

Question 16

Topical anesthetic

Answer 16

Emla

Question 17

How do you apply skin topical meds?

Answer 17

Use gloves. Use sterile technique if the patient has an open wound. Clean skin first.

Question 18

Transdermal patch application>

Answer 18

Ask about patches during med history. Remove old ones before applying new. Document location of each patch. Apply label if difficult to see. Document removal.

Question 19

Where do you put eye drops?

Answer 19

Lower conjunctival sac. Keep the dropper sterile.

Question 20

Where do you put eye ointments?

Answer 20

Conjunctiva sac from inner canthus to outer canthus. Cleanse eyelids first from inner to outer canthus with gauze, having the pt look up. Must wear gloves. Use with one pt only. Only on affected eye. Close to distribute the dose.

Question 21

Medication that resembles a contact lens?

Answer 21

Intraocular instillation (pilocarpine-glaucoma)

Question 22

How to give ear drops?

Answer 22

Solution is sterile. Lie with affected ear up. Leave lying on side for 2-3 minutes. Massage the triages. Remove cotton ball that may be covering after 15 minutes.

Question 23

How to give nose drops?

Answer 23

Put em in and blow, with head tilted backwards and then turn from side to side to distribute to the other sinuses.

Question 24

How to give nasal spray?

Answer 24

Tilt head forward. Inhale while occluding other nostril, avoid blowing nose immediately after sprays. Inhaled drugs have a local effect but may have systemic effects.

Question 25

Semisolid substance that dissolves when it’s in contact with the heat of the body.

Answer 25

Suppositories. May have to be refrigerated. Some stored at room temperature.

Question 26

Administering via irrigation (body cavity)?

Answer 26

Usually use sterile water, saline, or antiseptic solutions. Eye, ear, throat, vagina, urinary tract. Fluid is not retained. Use aseptic technique if a break is noted in the skin or mucosa. Use clean if the cavity is not sterile.