Rotavirus, Meningococcal, MMRV, Herpes Zoster Flashcards
What causes rotavirus?
viral infection caused by Rotavirus
-many serotypes
How is rotavirus transmitted?
fecal-oral
What is rotavirus the most common cause of?
most common cause of diarrhea and need for hospitalization for dehydration secondary to diarrhea in children < 5 yrs
-almost all unimmunized children will have at least 1 rotavirus infection by age 5
-can get multiple times but each time is milder (partial immunity)
What are the signs and symptoms of rotavirus?
appear 1-3 days after a person has become infected
-diarrhea, fever, vomiting, stomach pain
-diarrhea can last 3-8 days
How long are individuals with rotavirus contagious for?
before the individual becomes ill and for 24 hours after diarrhea stops
What kind of vaccine is the rotavirus vaccine?
live attenuated oral vaccine
What are contraindications to the rotavirus vaccine?
immunocompromised infants
-controversy: CI infants 0-6 months if TNF exposure in utero
How does the rotavirus vaccine come in terms of available products?
pentavalent or monovalent
Should children receive the rotavirus vaccine?
routine immunization
Can babies eat before or after the rotavirus vaccine?
babies can breastfeed, eat and drink any time before or after receiving the rotavirus vaccine
What should be done if an infant spits up or regurgitates after the rotavirus vaccine?
a replacement dose should not be administered
What is an important aspect to remember about the first 10 days after receiving the rotavirus vaccine?
virus shed in stool for up to 10 days
-caution: handwashing and immunocompromised household members
What are the adverse effects of the rotavirus vaccine?
common:
-fever, diarrhea, irritable, loss of appetite, flatulence, abdominal pain, dermatitis
intussusception (bowel obstruction)
-absolute risk is quite low
-if history of bowel obstruction, rotavirus usually not given
What is meningococcus caused by?
bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis
-many serotypes; majority of invasive disease is associated with A, B, C, Y, & W-135
How is meningococcus transmitted?
respiratory droplets
close contact with respiratory secretions/saliva
-kissing, sharing of vapes, lipstick, food/drink, toothbrushes
-risk factors: crowded housing
What does meningococcus cause?
meningitis and bacteremia (invasive meningococcal disease)
-mostly in children < 5 & 15-24 yrs
What are the complications of meningococcus?
limb amputations
hearing loss
brain damage
seizures
skin scarring
even with abx treatment, mortality rate is 10-15%
What are the different types of meningococcal vaccines?
Men-C-C = meningococcal conjugate C vaccine
-monovalent
Men-C-ACWY-135 = meningococcal conjugate A, C, Y, W-135 vaccine
-quadrivalent
serogroup B meningococcal vaccines
Which meningococcal vaccines are routine in childhood?
Men-C-C and Men-C-ACWY-135
-serogroup B meningococcal vaccines not routine in childhood or adulthood
Which meningococcal vaccines require boosters in adulthood?
no routine adult boosters for meningococcal vaccines
Are the two different serogroup B meningococcal vaccines interchangeable?
non-interchangeable
Does the MMR vaccine cause autism?
does not increase the risk for autism and does not trigger autism in susceptible children
What causes measles?
viral infection caused by the measles virus
How is measles transmitted?
respiratory droplets
-highly infectious