Rotations 2 Flashcards
Ante-mortem inspection at what point need to occur and how
○ Performed via the vet at maximum 24 hours before slaughter in a group setting, not individual examination mainly a herd level issue. If large amount of sheep showing general clinical signs then possible to mark these when post-mortem inspection is occurring
What are some roles of the on site veterinary officer
○ Ante-mortem inspections morning and night in the sheep yards to ensure the sheep are well cared for, not suffering from any debilitating illness and is fit for slaughter for human consumption
○ Post-mortem inspections on particularly diseased animals and to ensure the inspectors are inspecting the carcasses adequately
○ Performing checks and observing processes to ensure all relevant policies are being upheld
○ Signing off on all the product that leaves the premises to verify that they have followed all relevant policies
Level of food safety risk rate meat, chocolate and ice-cream
○ Highest = meat due to its environment is perfect for bacteria to grow, also has the highest risk of contamination with bacteria
○ Middle = ice-cream due to its diary component which allows for contamination
○ Lowest = chocolate due to its low moisture content and high sugar which makes it low risk
Electrical stunning what are the 2 phases and how long do they last
1) tonic phase 10-12s
2) clonic phase 20-25s
What are the clinical signs of tonic phase
- Immediate collapse
- Non-rhythmic breathing
- Head raised
- Forelegs extended, hindlegs tucked into body
- No corneal reflex
Fixed, fully dilate pupil
What are the clonic phase signs
- Relaxed jaw
- Tongue hanging out
- Gradual relaxing of mm
- Paddling/involuntary kicking
- Downward rotation of eyes
- Salivation/urination/defecation
Reversible stunning methods what are the 3 and the 2 irreversible stunning methods
1) Head only electrical stunning
2) non penetrative captive bolt
3) CO2 stunning - pigs
Irreversible
1) head to back electrical stunning
2) penetrative captive bolt stunning
Slaughter methods what are the two types and what animals
- Important to cut carotid and vertebral artery as supply to brain not the jugular vein as that is draining
Chest stick - Most effective method of bleeding -> thoracic stick at the level of the heart
○ Rapid initial blood loss and the shortest time to loss of brain function
2) Thoracic stick - Sheep and goats sticking can be performed by cutting the blood vessels at the throat
○ Don’t have well developed vertebral artery so don’t need to worry
What do the following drugs do 1) cloxacillin 2) trimedexil 3) engemycin 4) erythromycin
- Cloxacillin - intramammary dry cow treatment
- Trimedexil - dexamethasone type - INDUCE PARTURITION
○ Mimicking stress of calf - Engemycin - tetracycline - broad spectrum antibiotics
- Erythromycin - injectable treatment of mastitis - macrolide
When to give a S4 drug and name 2 that are and 1 that isn’t
- bonifay relationship - meaningful substantial relationship with the client - who are they
- Client needs to have Justifiable therapeutic need
oxytocin and xylazine
4 in 1 isn’t
What are 3 common causes of increase in BMCC
○ Poor condition of rubber components of the miking claw
§ Cracks harbour bacteria
○ Inadequate coverage of teats by disinfectant when applying teat spray
§ Disinfectant - kill bacteria + emollients to reduce cracks that harbour bacteria
○ Removal of milking units without cutting the vacuum first
§ Damage the teat canal, retropulse milk going teat to teat, or backwards to other cows - spreading mastitis
How to perform a vasectomy on a sheep
2) Make 7cm longitudinal skin incision over the palpated vas deferens
○ Need to go whole way through the skin
3) Tissue scissors to dissect subcutaneous tissues
○ Purple area is the vaginal tunic
4) Locate the vas deferens medial to the spermatic cord
5) Place nick in vaginal tunic (upwards turned scalpel blade) to remove the spermatic cord
○ AVOID THE VEIN AND ARTERY within the vaginal tunic
6) Blunt dissection the nick in the tunic to extend
7) Exteriorise the spermatic cord
○ If cannot then may not have incised through the visceral part of vaginal tunic just the parietal so need to incise further
8) Use haemostats to push through mesorcium (membrane) between spermatic cord and pampiniform plexus and clamp the spermatic cord in two places (proximal and distal)
9) Ligate proximal and distal to the clamps (outside of the clamps)
10) Excises the portion of the cord
11) If small enough can leave the vaginal tunic open
12) Closure of the skin - simple continuous
Epidural in a sheep where performed and how
- Sacrococcygeal articulation is identified by slight vertical movement of base of tail
- 20g) needle inserted at an angle of 20 degrees to the horizontal plane
- Hanging drop technique doesn’t work due to shallow angle of needle but lack of contact with bone during insertion and NO RESISTANCE TO INJECTION is identification
How many roots for dogs teeth maxillary and mandibular
1 root - 105,205 2 root - 106-107, 206-207 3 root - 108-110, 208-210 Lower 1 root first and 11 (305, 311, 405, 411) All others 2 roots
When do adult incisors start to erupt and completely erupted at
Earliest 12 - 16 weeks
completely erupted at 24 weeks
What is ankylosis in regards to teeth? Describe what you would see on radiographs.
- Solid fixation of tooth resulting from fusion of cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of periodontal ligament
- Common if excessive orthodontic force, luxation or avulsion of tooth or can occur due to age
- Loss of periodontal ligament can be seen on radiograph, looks like thin black line around roots
What are the indications for raising a gingival flap?
- Large sulcus depth
- Multiple root tooth removal
- Crown lengthening
- Allow for wound closure
