Roots of Modern Architecture Flashcards
What is Neoclassism?
End of the 18th Century.
Examples are the Arc de Triumph in Paris (Chalgrin)
Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (Langhans
Note: John Wood the Elder and John Wood the younger developed the English terrace house which became the urban prototype for more then a century in London.
The also designed the Royal Circus and teh Royal Cresent (both harmonious residential schemes)
Who is Robert Adam?
LONDON
(Adam brothers)
Developed the Adam Style.
NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
1760
Upper and Middle Class Residential Furniture and Architecture.
(Based on the Paladian style)
This eventually became known as the Federal Style in the US
Who is John Nash?
LONDON
1752-1835
Ingenious Designer of the 19th Century.
Laid out parks, streets, terraces and squares across the west end of London.
Regents Park and St. James Park.
He also designed part of Buckingham palace.
NEOCLASSISCISM
Romanticism
By the begining of the 19th Century architectural expression had become increasingly more romantic.
Romantic Qualities such as Charm, Novelty, Picturesqueness, and above all historic association became necessary.
People wanted to escape the reality of the industural revolution.
What did Scotsman James Watt invent?
A workable steam engine by the year 1800.
This established mines mills and factories.
Because of the downworad affects of the industrial revolutions (overcrowding, unclean living conditions)
people tried to escape threw romantic architecture, paintings and sculture.
The style that imbodied Romantisicism is called Neo-Gothic.
Who established Neo-Gothic?
Horace Walpole
Strawberry Hill (a amansion) at Twickenham
LONDON
BUILT IN 1750
What is Histoicism?
The collection of various architectural styles of the 19th Century.
1801-1900
What are some new materials used in architecture that were developed from the industrial revolution?
Large sheets of glass reinforced concrete and most importantly the use of iron as a structural framing material
Seven Bridge by Abrham Darby
1775
-One Huge Cast Iron Arch was used to span 100’-0”
John Nash used iron columns in the Royal Pavillion at Brighton.
James Bogardus employed a cast iron skeleton framework for factory in 1848
Royal Pavillion Brighton
John Nash
ENGLAND
1815-1822 - Nash did some work
Henri Labrouste
Slender Cast Iron Columns
Bilbliotheque Ste. Genevieve in Paris
NoeGothic
1838-1850
This design was repeated by Labrouste in Paris with the Bibliotheque Nationale
1868
NeoGothic
The Brooklyn Bridge
Completed in 1883
Designed by JOHN ROEBLING
John Roebling - young German Engineer who had immigrated to PA.
Working on the PA Railroad he developed the technology for weaving wire cable.
With this skill he built several suspension structures.
NEOGOTHIC
Arts and Crafts Movement
Who is John Ruskin and William Morris?
Ruskin and Mirris believed that mass production shouldnt be in architecture and did not want to see the use of Iron.
John Ruskin and Morris is from England.
1860-1910
Art Noveau
Art Noveau means New Art.
Gaudi
What is the Red House?
ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
Commisioned by William Morris to Phillip Webb in 1860
In Kent.
