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FLCD 126 > Roots, Influences, & Philosophy > Flashcards

Roots, Influences, & Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Mention the era:
School is for males only and starts at 6-7 years old

A

Early greeks

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2
Q

Mention the era:
childhood is not important

A

early greeks

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3
Q

Mention the era:
infanticide is prevalent

A

Early greeks

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4
Q

Mention the era:
childhood is for learning basic life necessities

A

early romans

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5
Q

Mention the era:
education starts at 1 y/o

A

early romans

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6
Q

Mention the era:
rewards> punishment

A

early romans

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7
Q

Mention the era:
short childhood because they believe in “apprenticeship”

A

early christians & medieval times

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8
Q

Mention the era:
school = monasteries

A

early christians and medieval times

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9
Q

Mention the era:
education for all

A

renaissance

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10
Q

Mention the era:
childhood is a stage

A

renaissance

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11
Q

Mention the era:
universality and inclusion of literacy

A

renaissance

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12
Q

Name the Philosopher:
child must be allowed to develop at their OWN PACE

A

Comenius

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13
Q

Name the Philosopher:
child learns from CONCRETE to ABSTRACT

A

Comenius

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14
Q

;Name the Philosopher:
developmental appropriateness

A

comenius

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15
Q

Mention the era:
children were seen as inherently evil

A

early christians and medieval

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16
Q

Mention the era:
frowns upon and discourages corporal punishment

A

Early romans

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17
Q

Mention the era:
condones punishment (we can now see as abuse)

A

early christians and medieval

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18
Q

Name the Philosopher:
children are best able to grasp knowledge that relates to their own

A

comenius

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19
Q

Name the Philosopher:
sees the child as a blank slate

A

John Locke

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20
Q

other term for blank slate

A

tabula rasa

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21
Q

Name the Philosopher:
in educating children we need to have awareness of INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

A

John Locke

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22
Q

Name the Philosopher:
wrote in favor of PLAY AND FREEDOM

A

John Locke

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23
Q

Name the Philosopher:
controlled environment

A

John Locke

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24
Q

Name the Philosopher:
disciplined living (e.g. some upper class children are “overly pampered”)

A

John Locke

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25
Q

Name the Philosopher:
advocated for stern disapproving looks and SHAMING

A

John Locke

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26
Q

Name the Philosopher:
discipline was necessary

A

John Locke

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27
Q

Name the Philosopher:
First educational philosopher to discuss toilet training

A

John Locke

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28
Q

Name the Philosopher:
Child learns using all senses

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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29
Q

Name the Philosopher:
“Childs minds are naturally programmed to unfold at their own pace IF give secure environment”

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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30
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Discipline should be primarily through the natural consequences of the child’s actions

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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31
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
ideal education was reserved for middle-upper class only

A

Jean-Jacques rousseau

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32
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
women are made to please and obey men

A

Jean-Jacques Roussea

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33
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
materials are more open-minded. learn b y surroundings

A

jean-jacques rousseau

34
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“materials that have the RIGHT SOLUTIONS”

A

John Locke

35
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“open-ended materials, creating their own learning”

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

36
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
insistence on universal education “learning is for everyone”

A

Johann Pestalozzi

37
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
manipulative materials and sensory learning

A

Johann Pestalozzi

38
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“liberty is good, obedience is equally so”

A

Johann Pestalozzi

39
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
unlimited freedom will NOT bring children to desired education level

A

Johann Pestalozzi

40
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“spiritual mechanism” as foundation of early learning

A

Friedrich Froebel

41
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“child must be protected from raw aspects of outside influences”

A

Friedrich Froebel

42
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Kindergarten

A

Friedrich Froebel

43
Q

what were the divisions of Froebel’s educational materials

A

gifts and occupations

44
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Introduced “Free work/ Free play”

A

Friedrich Froebel

45
Q

What are Froebel’s Gifts

A

Educational toys (blocks, balls, sticks)

46
Q

What are examples of Froebel’s occupations

A

weaving, beading, stringing, sewing, stick-laying, gardening

47
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
teachers are to point out symbolic acts(of spirituality) to children, and children would understand

A

Friedrich Froebel

48
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Child as a member of society

A

John Dewey

49
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
learning by doing

A

John Dewey

50
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“Children are constantly active and enthusiastic about learning”

A

John dewey

51
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
school is a microsociety

A

John Dewey

52
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
discouraged rigidly timed activities & play was free

A

John Dewey

53
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
no more pretend symbolic toys, instead structured rooms as minisocieties

A

John Dewey

54
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
no more pretend symbolic toys, instead structured rooms as minisocieties

A

John Dewey

55
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Child learn by ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT

A

John Dewey

56
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
started because of her want to help those termed as “idiots” / special children

A

Maria Montessori

57
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
structured activities for the youngest to newest

A

Maria Montessori

58
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
insufficient materials (to foster sharing)

A

Maria Montessori

59
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Mixed ages in class (to promote positive interrelationships)

A

Maria Montessori

60
Q

Name of the Philosopher: freedom of movement and child-choice of materials (to enhance democracy and sense of stability)

A

Maria Montessori

61
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
Child is like a growing plant

A

Arnold GESELL

62
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
“seeds of adulthood” present in children simply need proper watering and fertilizing

A

Arnold GESELL

63
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
emphasis of child UNFOLDING (predetermined) but with room for influence of the environment (LESS IMPORTANT)

A

Arnold GESELL

64
Q

psychological term Gesell gave to “automatic unfoldment”

A

maturation

65
Q

educational term for maturation or automatic unfoldment

66
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
separating those who are “ready” & “unready”

A

Arnold GESELL

67
Q

True or false

According to Gesell, a child who shows unreadiness needs more push or challenge to be at par with his/her peers

A

FALSE.
it is important to wait until a child demonstrates the appropriate readiness

68
Q

Name of the Philosopher:
BOTH Nature and Nurture

A

Jean PIAGET

69
Q

What do we call Piaget’s view, that was formerly known as interactionism

A

constructivism

70
Q

What were the 4 factors that explain early development according to
PIAGET

A
  1. Maturation
  2. Direct Physical Experience,
  3. Social Transmission
  4. Equilibration
71
Q

What are the two subcategories of PIAGET’s Equilibration

A

Assimilation
Accommodation

72
Q

What, according ton Piaget is Assimilation?

A

occurs when we modify or change new information to fit into our schemas (what we already know)

73
Q

What, according to Piaget, is Accommodation?

A

when we restructure or modify what we already know so that new information can fit in better. This results from problems posed by the environment and when our perceptions do not fit in with what we know or think.

73
Q

Fill in the blanks

Piaget argues that it is better to expose a child to p___, e_____, g_____ a_____, as oppose to d____ i_____ and l____

A

play, experimentations, guided activities
direct instructions, lectures

74
Q

Name the Philosopher
Child development is dependent on social interaction & participation in culture

A

Lev Vygotsky

75
Q

What did Lev Vygotsky believe to be the most important element in the successful development of a child with psychological or physical disabilities?

A

Social interaction

76
Q

Name the Philosopher
theory of the importance of language

A

Lev Vygotsky

77
Q

True or false
According to Lev Vygotsky, children should be thoroughly instructed in every aspect as to develop themselves especially their language skills

A

FALSE
teachers should AVOID intervening too much, RATHER they should just facilitate child’s own SELF-CONSTRUCTION

78
Q

Name the Philosopher
Zone of Proximal Development

A

Lev Vygotsky

79
Q

What is the zone of proximal development?

A

Zone between what the child aleady masters, and the knowledge that is currently beyond his capabilities.
Space where learning is CHALLENGING but NOT FRUSTRATING

80
Q

Name the Philosopher
scaffolding

A

Lev Vygotsky

81
Q

What is scaffolding

A

the act of identifying where each child’s ZPD is, and providing JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT of support , guidance, and direction that the child needs in oprder to reach optimal development

FLCD 126 (7 decks)

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