Roots, Influences, & Philosophy Flashcards
1
Q
Mention the era:
School is for males only and starts at 6-7 years old
A
Early greeks
2
Q
Mention the era:
childhood is not important
A
early greeks
3
Q
Mention the era:
infanticide is prevalent
A
Early greeks
4
Q
Mention the era:
childhood is for learning basic life necessities
A
early romans
5
Q
Mention the era:
education starts at 1 y/o
A
early romans
6
Q
Mention the era:
rewards> punishment
A
early romans
7
Q
Mention the era:
short childhood because they believe in “apprenticeship”
A
early christians & medieval times
8
Q
Mention the era:
school = monasteries
A
early christians and medieval times
9
Q
Mention the era:
education for all
A
renaissance
10
Q
Mention the era:
childhood is a stage
A
renaissance
11
Q
Mention the era:
universality and inclusion of literacy
A
renaissance
12
Q
Name the Philosopher:
child must be allowed to develop at their OWN PACE
A
Comenius
13
Q
Name the Philosopher:
child learns from CONCRETE to ABSTRACT
A
Comenius
14
Q
;Name the Philosopher:
developmental appropriateness
A
comenius
15
Q
Mention the era:
children were seen as inherently evil
A
early christians and medieval
16
Q
Mention the era:
frowns upon and discourages corporal punishment
A
Early romans
17
Q
Mention the era:
condones punishment (we can now see as abuse)
A
early christians and medieval
18
Q
Name the Philosopher:
children are best able to grasp knowledge that relates to their own
A
comenius
19
Q
Name the Philosopher:
sees the child as a blank slate
A
John Locke
20
Q
other term for blank slate
A
tabula rasa
21
Q
Name the Philosopher:
in educating children we need to have awareness of INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
A
John Locke
22
Q
Name the Philosopher:
wrote in favor of PLAY AND FREEDOM
A
John Locke
23
Q
Name the Philosopher:
controlled environment
A
John Locke
24
Q
Name the Philosopher:
disciplined living (e.g. some upper class children are “overly pampered”)
A
John Locke
25
Name the Philosopher:
advocated for stern disapproving looks and SHAMING
John Locke
26
Name the Philosopher:
discipline was necessary
John Locke
27
Name the Philosopher:
First educational philosopher to discuss toilet training
John Locke
28
Name the Philosopher:
Child learns using all senses
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
29
Name the Philosopher:
"Childs minds are naturally programmed to unfold at their own pace IF give secure environment"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
30
Name of the Philosopher:
Discipline should be primarily through the natural consequences of the child's actions
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
31
Name of the Philosopher:
ideal education was reserved for middle-upper class only
Jean-Jacques rousseau
32
Name of the Philosopher:
women are made to please and obey men
Jean-Jacques Roussea
33
Name of the Philosopher:
materials are more open-minded. learn b y surroundings
jean-jacques rousseau
34
Name of the Philosopher:
"materials that have the RIGHT SOLUTIONS"
John Locke
35
Name of the Philosopher:
"open-ended materials, creating their own learning"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
36
Name of the Philosopher:
insistence on universal education "learning is for everyone"
Johann Pestalozzi
37
Name of the Philosopher:
manipulative materials and sensory learning
Johann Pestalozzi
38
Name of the Philosopher:
"liberty is good, obedience is equally so"
Johann Pestalozzi
39
Name of the Philosopher:
unlimited freedom will NOT bring children to desired education level
Johann Pestalozzi
40
Name of the Philosopher:
"spiritual mechanism" as foundation of early learning
Friedrich Froebel
41
Name of the Philosopher:
"child must be protected from raw aspects of outside influences"
Friedrich Froebel
42
Name of the Philosopher:
Kindergarten
Friedrich Froebel
43
what were the divisions of Froebel's educational materials
gifts and occupations
44
Name of the Philosopher:
Introduced "Free work/ Free play"
Friedrich Froebel
45
What are Froebel's Gifts
Educational toys (blocks, balls, sticks)
46
What are examples of Froebel's occupations
weaving, beading, stringing, sewing, stick-laying, gardening
47
Name of the Philosopher:
teachers are to point out symbolic acts(of spirituality) to children, and children would understand
Friedrich Froebel
48
Name of the Philosopher:
Child as a member of society
John Dewey
49
Name of the Philosopher:
learning by doing
John Dewey
50
Name of the Philosopher:
"Children are constantly active and enthusiastic about learning"
John dewey
51
Name of the Philosopher:
school is a microsociety
John Dewey
52
Name of the Philosopher:
discouraged rigidly timed activities & play was free
John Dewey
53
Name of the Philosopher:
no more pretend symbolic toys, instead structured rooms as minisocieties
John Dewey
54
Name of the Philosopher:
no more pretend symbolic toys, instead structured rooms as minisocieties
John Dewey
55
Name of the Philosopher:
Child learn by ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT
John Dewey
56
Name of the Philosopher:
started because of her want to help those termed as "idiots" / special children
Maria Montessori
57
Name of the Philosopher:
structured activities for the youngest to newest
Maria Montessori
58
Name of the Philosopher:
insufficient materials (to foster sharing)
Maria Montessori
59
Name of the Philosopher:
Mixed ages in class (to promote positive interrelationships)
Maria Montessori
60
Name of the Philosopher: freedom of movement and child-choice of materials (to enhance democracy and sense of stability)
Maria Montessori
61
Name of the Philosopher:
Child is like a growing plant
Arnold GESELL
62
Name of the Philosopher:
"seeds of adulthood" present in children simply need proper watering and fertilizing
Arnold GESELL
63
Name of the Philosopher:
emphasis of child UNFOLDING (predetermined) but with room for influence of the environment (LESS IMPORTANT)
Arnold GESELL
64
psychological term Gesell gave to "automatic unfoldment"
maturation
65
educational term for maturation or automatic unfoldment
readiness
66
Name of the Philosopher:
separating those who are "ready" & "unready"
Arnold GESELL
67
True or false
According to Gesell, a child who shows unreadiness needs more push or challenge to be at par with his/her peers
FALSE.
it is important to wait until a child demonstrates the appropriate readiness
68
Name of the Philosopher:
BOTH Nature and Nurture
Jean PIAGET
69
What do we call Piaget's view, that was formerly known as interactionism
constructivism
70
What were the 4 factors that explain early development according to
PIAGET
1. Maturation
2. Direct Physical Experience,
3. Social Transmission
4. Equilibration
71
What are the two subcategories of PIAGET's Equilibration
Assimilation
Accommodation
72
What, according ton Piaget is Assimilation?
occurs when we modify or change new information to fit into our schemas (what we already know)
73
What, according to Piaget, is Accommodation?
when we restructure or modify what we already know so that new information can fit in better. This results from problems posed by the environment and when our perceptions do not fit in with what we know or think.
73
Fill in the blanks
Piaget argues that it is better to expose a child to p___, e_____, g_____ a_____, as oppose to d____ i_____ and l____
play, experimentations, guided activities
direct instructions, lectures
74
Name the Philosopher
Child development is dependent on social interaction & participation in culture
Lev Vygotsky
75
What did Lev Vygotsky believe to be the most important element in the successful development of a child with psychological or physical disabilities?
Social interaction
76
Name the Philosopher
theory of the importance of language
Lev Vygotsky
77
True or false
According to Lev Vygotsky, children should be thoroughly instructed in every aspect as to develop themselves especially their language skills
FALSE
teachers should AVOID intervening too much, RATHER they should just facilitate child's own SELF-CONSTRUCTION
78
Name the Philosopher
Zone of Proximal Development
Lev Vygotsky
79
What is the zone of proximal development?
Zone between what the child aleady masters, and the knowledge that is currently beyond his capabilities.
Space where learning is CHALLENGING but NOT FRUSTRATING
80
Name the Philosopher
scaffolding
Lev Vygotsky
81
What is scaffolding
the act of identifying where each child's ZPD is, and providing JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT of support , guidance, and direction that the child needs in oprder to reach optimal development
