Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI 226 > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

1
Q

What do roots prevent?

A

Erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The radicle

A

First root of the plant, develops at seed germination, first to emerge from a seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Emerge after the germination period, from stems and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Taproot roots

A

Unbranched, straight, gradually tapering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibrous roots

A

Very branched, many lateral roots, thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose of the root cap

  • Secretes?
  • Gravity?
A
  • Protects apical meristem
  • Secretes a substance that facilitates root penetration in the soil and acts as a growth medium for beneficial organisms
  • Gravity sensor that allows the root to go to the center of the earth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Region of cell division

  • Protoderm?
  • Ground meristem?
  • Procambium?
A
  • Produces the epidermis
  • Parenchyma in cortex
  • Vascular elements - x&p
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cortex

A

Exo/Endodermis and storage parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Region of Maturation

  • Purpose
  • Parts
A
  • Cells begin to differentiate
    1. Epidermis
    2. Cortex
    3. Vascular cylinder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vascular cylinder (2)

A
  • Pericycle (thin layer of cells b/w endodermis and the phloem)
  • Primary xylem and phloem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the roots, xylem is

A

Exarch (protoxylem on the outside and metaxylem in the inside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Casparian strips

A

Interal and lateral cells walls thickened with bands of lignin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary origin of xylem and phloem

A

From the procambium, primary meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What proto develops first?

A

Xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Order of xylem development

A

Procambium meristem -> proto -> meta -> primary -> secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Monocots dont form

A

vascular cambium and cork cambium

17
Q

Secondary structure develops from …

A
  • secondary meristems which develop within the primary structure
  • SM, VC, CC will produce secondary tissue that will either mix with or replace the primary tissue
18
Q

Exterior of the primary xylem strands forms

A

the pericycle

19
Q

Why does the VC go from star to circle

A
  • because it divides more intensely at the interior of the phloem and acquires a circular shape
20
Q

How is the primary phloem crushed

A
  • V.C. produces toward the interior of the root 2nd xylem, pushes 1st xylem towards the center
  • At the same time it produces towards the exterior secondary phloem which crushes it
21
Q

Lateral roots develop from

A

Pericycle

22
Q

Mutualistic relationship between:

  • Roots (provides)
  • Rhizobia (provides)
A
  • Carbon & source of energy for growth

- Fix atmospheric nitrogen and provides the plant with a source of reduced nitrogen

23
Q

Order of nitrogen fixation

A
  1. Roots produce flavo/isonoids when they need n2
  2. Rhizobia produce Nod Factors and respond
  3. Infection threads form by the root hairs
  4. Plant produces nodulin to host the rhizobia
24
Q

Mycorrhiza?

  • Plant provides?
  • Fungus?
A

Mutalisitic relationship between a plant and a fungus

  • Carbon
  • Increases the absorption capacity of the roots, stimulates plant resistance to different diseases
25
Q

Ectomycorrhizas

  • Mantle?
  • Hartig net?
  • Penetrates?
A
  • Dense network of hypae that cover the root
  • Surround plant cells w/i the root cortex
  • Root cortex cells
26
Q

Mycoheterotropic plants

A
  • Depend on parasitic relationship

- Parasitize the mycorrhizal relationship of other plants and takes nutrients from both

27
Q

Storage roots

A

Specially modified to store starch and water

28
Q

Propagative roots from adventitious buds

A

If they break, fragments with buds can regenerate new plant

29
Q

Propogative roots - Parent tree and new root suckers

A

New root suckers suck resources from parent trees until they’re seperated

30
Q

Pneumatophors

A

Aerial roots that evolved in certain plants growing in swamps and marshes for gas exchange

31
Q
  • Prop roots

- Buttress roots

A
  • Aerial roots - adventitious orgin on the stem, grow down and root in soil, anchor the plant (e.x. corn)
  • Support role, tropical tree species
32
Q

Epiphytic plants - root type?

- Specialized epidermis?

A
  • Photosythetic (e.g. orchids)

- Absorbs water from the air using a specialized epidermis called velamen

33
Q

Climbing roots

A

Attach themselves to other trees (e.g. poison ivy) - Lianas

34
Q

Contractile roots

A

Stems such as bulbs, corms and rhizomes

  • wrinkled transversally
  • Contract longitudinally - can pull deeper
35
Q 
Parasitic plants (noxious weed) specialized organ
- How?
A

Haustorium: Take water and nutrients from host

- Attaches to and penetrates into the host stem and connects to its vasculature

BI 226 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions