Leaves

Question 1

Petiole

- none?

Answer 1

• Attaches leaf blade to the stem

- Sessile

Question 2

Leaf arrangement:

• Basal leaves?
• Alternate leaves?

Answer 2

• All leaves at the base of the stem forms rosette

- One at a node

Question 3

Leaf arrangement:

• Opposite?
• Whorled?

Answer 3

• Pairs, members are positioned on opposite sides

- 3 or more leaves at a node

Question 4

Phyllotaxy

Answer 4

• Arrangement of leaves and stems

Question 5

Dichotomous venation

Answer 5

• Secondary and tertiary veins branch repeatedly in two veins (bifurcate) (ginko/waterlily)

Question 6

Pinnate venation

Answer 6

a single primary vein with the secondary veins arising along its length like the hairs of a feather

Question 7

Palmate venation

Answer 7

with several major veins radiating from the base of the leaf blade.
(maple leaf)

Question 8

Parallel venation

Answer 8

Parallel veins from base of the blade (spider plant) - monocots

Question 9

• Lobes are

- never have

Answer 9

• Large incisions

- petioles

Question 10

Leaf margins:

Answer 10

• Serrate
• Denate
• Crenate
• Sinate

Question 11

Pinnately compound

Answer 11

Leaves arranged off of a single stem with one on each side

Question 12

Palmately compound

Answer 12

multiple leaves from a single node

Question 13

Leaf duration:

• Most leaves
• Decidious
• Evergreen

Answer 13

• 1 or 2 growing seasons
• Fall at the end of growing season
• Persistent leaves

Question 14

Leaf shapes:

• Ovate
• Obovate
• Elliptic
• Oblong

Answer 14

• Widest near base
• Widest near apex
• Widest near middle
• Hexagonal

Question 15

Lotus effect

Answer 15

Leaf epidermis is hydrophobic or superhydrophobic

• Water repellant
• Self cleaning
• Papillae w/ a dense coating of wax

Question 16

Monocot vs. dicot stomata arrangement

Answer 16

• Paralell and unordered

Question 17

Leaves consist of:

Answer 17

an upper epidermis, a lower epidermis, and in between them, the mesophyll

Question 18

The mesophyll is

Answer 18

parenchymatic and is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 19

The palisade parenchyma

Answer 19

has narrow cells, densely packed together (with few intercellular spaces), which contain 80% of the leaf chloroplasts.

Question 20

The spongy parenchyma is made of

Answer 20

irregularly shaped cells with numerous intercellular spaces, which contain less chloroplasts.

Question 21

Large veins are accompanied

Answer 21

by collenchyma or fibers.

Question 22

The veins have different sizes and consist of

Answer 22

collateral vascular bundles (xylem towards the upper epidermis and phloem towards the lower epidermis)

Question 23

Undifferentiated mesophyll (many monocots)

Answer 23

it is a uniform chlorenchyma/spongy parenchyma

Question 24

Kranz Anatomy

Inner ringle called? Contains

Answer 24

C4 photosynthesis
Vascular bundles surrounded by 2 rings
the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells (Bs), contain chloroplasts lacking grana
Chloroplasts = dimorphic (outer ring differs from inner)

Question 25

Xeromorphic leaf adaptations | - Conifers

Answer 25

Arid areas Thick cuticles, leaves look thick and leathery - pine leaves, have layer of scherenchyma under the epidermis

Question 26

Bulliform cells

Answer 26

Store water in many grasses | Loss of water in vacuoles makes leaf blades roll up

Question 27

Water hyacinth

Answer 27

Swollen petioles w/ air channels - flotation device

Question 28

Salvnia

Answer 28

Hairs create a layer of air on the surface of leaves - flotation device

Question 29

Aquatic pants

Answer 29

Floating leaves - no stomata

Question 30

- Tendrils - Spines - Thisles case

Answer 30

- Pea Plant - Cactus (Areoles w/ spines) - Margins of leaves w/ spines

Question 31

Flower pot leaves

Answer 31

Symbiotic relationship b/w ants and the plant

Question 32

Window leaves | - Translucent area?

Answer 32

- Fenestration - Translucent area that focuses sunlight into the mesophyll where photosynthesis takes place - The translucent part may consist of the epidermis or several cell layers of parenchyma - Usually below ground

Question 33

Bracts

Answer 33

- Floral leaves - Poinsettia - Hot lips

Question 34

Carnivorous leaves | - Sun dews

Answer 34

- grow in soils with poor mineral availability and they use insects to supplement their nutrition - Sticky secretion on leads to capture and digest insects

Question 35

Mosquito fern, azolla

Answer 35

- Fix nitrogen from the air - Azolla - most important fern in the world, nitrogen fertilizer factory - Fertilizer