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BI 226 > Form, Structure, Function > Flashcards

Form, Structure, Function Flashcards

1
Q

Annual herbaceous plants

A

Live for a single growing season (germinate, grow, form flowers & produce fruits and seeds)

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2
Q

Biennial herbaceous plants

A

Live for 2 years, plants are vegetative in the 1st year and produce flowers/ fruits/seeds in the second year

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3
Q

Perennial herbaceous plants

A

Live for 3+ years, flower and fruit yearly, once plants get to maturity

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4
Q

Woody plants are always ____

A

Prennial

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5
Q

Lianas need …..

A

Woody, cannot sustain themselves, need physically support

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6
Q

Monocarpic plants are….

A

Perennial but produce flowers and fruits only once in their lifetime and die

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7
Q

Meristems are responsible for….which is a result of…..

A

Plant growth and development; miotic cell division

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8
Q

Characterisitics of meristems

- Plastids?

A
  • Least differentiated cell
  • Small densely back, no intercellular space
  • Cell wall is thin, cellulosic
  • Dense protoplasm (living part of the cell)
  • Small vacuoles
  • No differentiated plastids
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9
Q

Primordial meristem

Found in?

A

Characterize the embryo, found in the apical meristem

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10
Q

Primary meristem
Produced by?
Generate?

A
  • Produced by the primordial meristem

- Generate primary tissue

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11
Q

Secondary meristem
Produced by?
Generate?

A
  • Develop from mature primary tissue through cell dedifferentiation
  • Generate secondary tissue
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12
Q

Primary meristems (3)

A

Protoderm, ground, procambium

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13
Q

Intercalary are found…

A

at stem nodes

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14
Q

Lateral meristems (2)

A

Secondary meristems
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium

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15
Q

Lateral meristems generate growth in….

A

Thickness

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16
Q

(Lat. meri) Vascular cambium produces…

A

Secondary xylem towards the interior and secondary phloem at the exterior

17
Q

(Lat. meri) Cork cambium produces…

A

the periderm (bark)

18
Q

Totipotency

A

Each plant has the potential to reproduce the entire plant organism

19
Q

Callus?

Explant?

A
  • Growing mass of cells that divide mitotically (Heals plant wounds)
  • Explant: Part used to generate callus. Usually apical shoot of leaves
20
Q

Parenchyma

  • Presence?
  • Consists of?
  • Roles?
  • Origin?
A
  • Most abundant tissue
  • Living cells with thin cellulosic walls
  • Storage of nutrients, air, water, photosynthesis
  • Either primary or secondary
21
Q 
Collenchyma
Function?
Originates from?
Location?
Primary or secondary?
A
  • Mechanical support or flexibility function - provides elasticity
  • Living tissue that originates from paren. in which the primary walls become thickened at the corners with cellulose
  • Ribs of stems and petioles, immediately under epidermis
  • Primary
22
Q

Petiole?

A

Stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem

23
Q

Sclerenchyma
Function?
Made up of?
Primary or secondary?

A
  • Mechanical/resistance function/elasticity (most often physical hardness/toughness)
  • Dead cells, primary cell walls become thick with lignin
  • Either (more specialized & diverse)
24
Q

Sclerids

A

Length and width are more or less equal

25
Q

Fibers

Cell wall?

A

Length is much longer than the width

- Secondary, uniform all around the cell

26
Q

Xylem conducts….

A

water and minerals absorbed by roots and leaves

27
Q

Tracheary elements

  • Tracheids?
  • Vessel members?
A
  • Elongated cells, thick with lignin, dead, conduct water and minerals
  • Primitive; thinner, longer
  • Vessel members; more evolved, shorter & wider
28
Q

Tracheids have … end walls which are connected through ….

A
  • Overlapping; pits
29
Q

Vessel members have larger openings called …

A

perforation plates on their end-walls

30
Q

Types of plant tissues:

A
  • Ground (collen, paren, scler.), vascular (xylem, phloem), Protection (epidermis, periderm)
31
Q

Primary meristem is responsible for…

Secondary?

A
  • Primary growth - growth in length

- Secondary growth - growth in thickness

32
Q

Phloem:

  • Transports?
  • Direction?
A
  • Sugars and other organic assimilates resulted from photosynthesis
  • Leaves –> rest of the plant tissues
33
Q

Sieve cells

A
  • Conducting cells in angiosperms

- Form long tubes that are connected through sieve plates

34
Q

Epidermis

  • Main role in above ground organs?
  • Roots?
A
  • Protection

- Absorption

35
Q

Multilayered epidermis are present in…?

A

Xerophytic plants (Grow in hot and dry areas)

BI 226 (5 decks)

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