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AS II - Test 3 > Root of Neck > Flashcards

Root of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

the apices of the lungs lie posterior to what arteries?

A

posterior to first part of subclavian arteries

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2
Q

What does the subclavian artery come off of?

A

Right is terminal branch of brachiocephalic artery

Left is branch of arch of aorta

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3
Q

axillary arteries arise from?

A

subclavian arteries become axillary arteries when cross lateral border of first rib

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4
Q

what are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery and where are they located?

A
  1. first part medial to anterior scalene
  2. second part posterior to anterior scalene
  3. third part lateral to anterior scalene
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5
Q

what arises from first part of subclavian artery

A
  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
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6
Q

what arises from second part of subclavian artery

A
  • costocervical trunk
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7
Q

what arises from third part of subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery (usually)

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8
Q

describe course of vertebral artery

A

arises from first part of subclavian artery

ascends in transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae and enters foramen magnum

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9
Q

thyrocervical trunk gives rise to

A
  1. suprascapular artery
  2. transverse cervical artery
  3. inferor thyroid artery
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10
Q

describe course of suprascapular artery

A

arises from thyrocervical trunk (from first part of subclavian artery)

crosses anterior scalene muscle, enters posterior triangle and passes posteriorly to suprascapular region of back

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11
Q

describe course of transverse cervical artery

A

arises from thyrocervical trunk (from first part of subclavian artery)

crosses anterior scalene to enter posterior triangle to supply lateral structures of neck

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12
Q

describe course of inferior thyroid artery

A

from thyrocervical trunk (from first part of subclavian artery)

ascends the neck and arches medially and down to enter inferior portion of thyroid gland

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13
Q

describe course of ascending cervical artery

A

from inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk from first part of subclavian artery)

travels straight upward

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14
Q

what arises from the costocervical trunk and what do they supply blood to?

A
  • deep cervical artery (supplies muscles of root of neck)
  • supreme intercostal artery (to upper two intercostal spaces)
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15
Q

what does the dorsal scapular artery supply blood to?

A

levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles, participates in anastomoses around scapula

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16
Q

what are the three major tributaries to subclavian vein in root of neck?

A

external jugualr vein, vertebral vein, internal thoracic vein

17
Q

describe the course of the phrenic nerve

A
  • descends obliquely with IJV across anterior scalene deep to transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
  • left phrenic crosses anterior to first part of subclavian artery
  • right phrenic crosses anterior to second part of subclavian artery
  • both run posteriorly to subclavian vein and anterior to internal thoracic artery
18
Q

What makes the stellate ganglion?

A

when inferior cervical ganglion fuses with ganglion of C1

19
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk in relation to the carotid artery?

A

posterior to the carotid artery

20
Q

3 major swellings of sympathetic ganglia in cervical region and where they’re located

A
  1. inferior cervical ganglia: just above subclavian artery
  2. middle cervical ganglion: vertebral level C6 opposite cricoid cartilage
  3. superior cervical ganglion: stretches from vertebral level C1-C2/3
21
Q

what is contained in superficial cervical fascia?

A
  1. cutaneous nerves
  2. blood/lymph vessels
  3. superficial lymph nodes
  4. fat
  5. platysma muscle (anterolaterally)
22
Q

3 layers of deep cervical fascia

A
  1. investing
  2. pretracheal
  3. prevertebral
23
Q

what muscles are in investing fascial layer

A

trapezius and SCM (investing layer splits into superficial and deep layers to enclose these)

24
Q

where is suprasternal space found?

A

between 2 layers of investing layer of deep cervical facia just above manubrium

25
Q

where is pretracheal layer?

A

part of deep cervical facia, only on anterior part of neck

26
Q

two divisions of pretracheal layer and what do they enclose

A
  1. muscular layer: infrahyoid muscles
  2. visceral layer: thyroid gland and trachea
27
Q

what is the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

thin, posterior lamina of pretracheal fascia separating esophagus from prevertebral fascia

28
Q

what does the prevertebral fascia enclose?

A

scalenes, deep back muscles, vertebrae

29
Q

what part of the vertebrae does the prevertebral fascia attach to?

A

anterior tubercle

30
Q

what’s the alar fascia?

A

anterior lamina of prevertebral fascia

31
Q

what does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  • common and internal carotid
  • IJV
  • vagus nerve (CN X)
  • some deep cervical lymph nodes
  • carotid sinus nerve
  • sympathetic nerve fibers (carotid periarterial plexuses)
32
Q

boudnaries of retropharyngeal space

A
  • anterior: buccopharyngeal fascia (visceral)
  • posterior: alar (prevertebral) fascia
  • lateral: carotid sheaths
  • superior: base of skull
  • inferior: mediastinum
33
Q

boundaries of parapharyngeal space

A
  • superior: skull
  • inferior: hyoid bone
  • lateral: medial pterygoid muscle or SCM
  • medial/anterior: superior constrictor and bucoopharyngeal fascia
  • posterior border: alar fascia and carotid sheath

AKA lateral pharyngeal space

34
Q

prevertebral space borders

A

between alar fascia and prevertebral fascia

AS II - Test 3 (7 decks)

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