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AS II - Test 3 > Neck Region > Flashcards

Neck Region Flashcards

1
Q

in cervical region, how many vertebrae/spinal nerves?

A

7 cervical veertebrae, 8 cervical spinal nerves

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2
Q

which cervical vertebrae are typical?

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

which cervical vertebrae are atypical?

A

C7, C1, C2

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4
Q

vertebra prominens

A

C7

  • long spinous process
  • not bifid
  • smallest transverse foramina
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5
Q

which vertebrae is called the atlas/ what are it’s features

A
  • C1
  • lacks body
  • lacks spinous process
  • forms atlanto-occipital joint
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6
Q

which vertebrae is called the axis/ what are it’s features

A
  • C2
  • forms atlantoaxial joint with C1
  • 3 articulations with atlas (R and L lateral, median)
  • has body, bifid, dens (odontoid process
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7
Q

where is alar ligament

A

side of dens on C2 to foramen magnum

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8
Q

where is cruciate ligament?

A

between C1 and C2, formed by transverse ligament and its superior/inferior extensions

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9
Q

what vertebral level is that hyoid bone at?

A

C3

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10
Q

how many cartilages make up laryngeal cartilages?

A

9 (3 single, 3 pairs)

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11
Q

what is blood supply to thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery (off of external carotid)

inferior thyroid artery (largest branch of thyrocervical trunk)

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12
Q

innervation of SCM

A

motor: accessory nerve (CN XI)
sensory: C2 and C3

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13
Q

attachments of trapezius

A

skull, scapula, clavicle

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14
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

Motor: CN XI

Sensory: C2 and C3

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15
Q

innervation of anterior scalene

A

C4-C6

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16
Q

action of anterior scalene

A

flex neck and elevate first rib

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17
Q

innervation of middle scalene

A

ventral rami cervical nerves

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18
Q

action of middle scalene

A

flex neck laterally and elevate first rib

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19
Q

attachment of scalene muscles

A

transverse processes of C4-C6 >> first rib (anterior scalenes)/second rib (posterior scalenes)

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20
Q

innervation of posterior scalenes

A

ventral rami of C6 and C7

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21
Q

action of posterior scalenes

A

lateral flexion, elevate second rib

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22
Q

phrenic nerve descends on what muscle

A

anterior scalene

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23
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles

A

AKA strap muscles

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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24
Q

innervation of omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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25
Q

sternohyoid innervation

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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26
Q

sternothyroid innervation

A

branch of ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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27
Q

innervation of thyrohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglassal nerve

28
Q

action of strap muscles

A
  • depress hyoid during swallowing and speaking (all 4)
  • elevates larynx (thyrohyoid)
29
Q

list the suprahyoid muscles

A
  1. mylohyoid
  2. geniohyoid
  3. digastric
  4. stylohyoid
30
Q

attachments of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line of mandible >> hyoid bone

31
Q

innervation of mylohyoid

A

nerve to the mylohyoid (CNV3)

32
Q

what is the relation between the geniohyoid and the mylohyoid?

A

geniohyoid is deep to mylohyoid

33
Q

attachments of geniohyoid

A

mental spine of mandible >> hyoid

34
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

35
Q

innervation of digastric muscle

A
  • Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
  • Posterior belly: facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
36
Q

where do two bellies of digastric muscle meet?

A

meet at intermediate tendon to attach to hyoid

37
Q

stylohyoid innervation

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

38
Q

action of stylohyoid

A

support to floor of mouth, elevate hyoid and larynx

39
Q

cervical plexus formed by which cervical nerves?

A

anterior rami of C1-C4

40
Q

list cutaneous branches of cervical plexus and what spinal nerves they originate from

A
  1. lesser occipital nerve (from C2)
  2. great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
  3. transverse cervical (C2-C3)
  4. supraclavicular (C3-C4)
41
Q

where does lesser occipital nerve supply?

A

skin of neck and scalp behind ear

42
Q

where does great auricular nerve supply

A
  • skin over parotid gland
  • sheath of parotid gland
  • skin of auricle
43
Q

where does transverse cervicle supply?

A

skin of anterior neck region

44
Q

where does supraclavicular supply?

A

skin across clavicles and shoulder to second rib

45
Q
A

A) transverse cervical nerve

B) lesser occipital nerve

C) great auricular nerve

D) supraclavicular nerve

46
Q

where does CN XII exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

47
Q

what supplies motor innervation to muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal supplies motor innervation to the tongue except for palatoglossus

48
Q

hypoglossal nerve passes between _____ artery and ______

A

between carotid artery and jugular vessels

49
Q

two roots of spinal accessory nerve and where do they meet

A

spinal root: cell bodies in anterior horn of upper cervical segments

Cranial root: part of cranial nerve X

unite at jugular foramen then separate

50
Q

what does acessory nerve innervate?

A

motor (and sensory from C2/C3) to SCM and trapezius

51
Q

two lymph trunks and what they drain

A
  1. R lymphatic trunk: drains upper right quadrant
  2. Thoracic duct: drains remainder of body
52
Q

where do 2 lymph ducts enter veinous system?

A

subclavian vein @ jxn of IJV

53
Q

What drains lymph from head and neck

A

R and L jugular trunks

54
Q

what drains lymph from upper extremities

A

R and L subclavian trunks

55
Q

what lymph nodes drain pharynx and thyroid gland? Where do these then drain into?

A

paratracheal, retropharyngeal, infrahyoid all drain into deep cervical nodes

56
Q

5 superficial lymph nodes of face and what they drain

A
  1. Occipital: drain posterior scalp and neck
  2. Mastoid: drain posterolateral half of scalp
  3. Preauricular and parotid: drain anteriolateral scalp, upper half of face
  4. Submandibular: drains anterior face, gingiva, teeth, tongue
  5. Submental: drains lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisors
57
Q

where are superficial cervical nodes found?

A

along external jugular vein (along surface of SCM)

58
Q

two groups of deep cervical nodes

A
  1. jugulodigastric node (superior at level of posterior digastric)
  2. jugulo-omohyoid node (inferior to tendon of omohyoid muscle)
59
Q

palatine tonsil drains into

A

jugulodigastric nodes

60
Q

4 paths of lymph drainage of the tongue

A
  1. from root of tongue to superior deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)
  2. from medial body drains to inferior deep cervical nodes (juguloomohyoid)
  3. from R and L lateral parts of body drain into submandibular nodes then inferior deep cervical nodes (juguloomohyoid)
  4. from tip of tongue and frenulum drain into submental nodes then inferior deep cervical nodes (juguloomohyoid)
61
Q

contents of posterior triangle

A
  1. acessory nerve
  2. cervical plexus
  3. brachial plexus
  4. external jugular vein
  5. subclavian artery/vein
  6. suprascapular artery
  7. cervical lymph nodes
62
Q

contents of muscular triangle

A
  1. infrahyoid muscles
  2. thyroid gland
  3. parathyroid gland
63
Q

contents of carotid triangle

A
  1. carotid sheath
  2. hypoglossal nerve
  3. accessary nerve
  4. ansa cervicalis
  5. deep cervical lymph nodes
64
Q

contents of submandibular triangle

A
  1. submandibualar gland
  2. hypoglossal nerve
  3. submandibular lymph nodes
  4. nerve to mylohyoid
  5. facial artery and vein
65
Q

contents of submental triangle

A

submental lymph noes and veins

AS II - Test 3 (7 decks)

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