Root Combining Forms Flashcards
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
joint
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
cis/o
to cut
crin/o
to secrete (to form and give off)
cyst/o
urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
dermat/o
skin
electr/o
electricity
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestine)
erythr/o
red
gastr/o
stomach
glyc/o
gluc/o
sugar
gnos/o
knowledge
gynec/o
woman, female
hemat/o
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
iatr/o
treatment, physician
leuk/o
white
log/o
study of
nephr/o
kidney (Greek)
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor (cancerous)
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
ped/o
child
psych/o
mind
radi/o
x-rays; radius (forearm bone, thumb side)
ren/o
kidney (Latin)
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh, muscle
sect/o
to cut
thromb/o
clot, clotting
ur/o
urinary tract, urine, urea
vascul/o
blood vessel
metr/o
to measure
hist/o
tissue
thel/o
theli/o
breast nipple
dors/o
back
ventr/o
belly
chondr/o
cartilage
inguin/o
groin
abdomin/o
lapar/o
abdomen
adip/o
lip/o
fat
anter/o
front
cervic/o
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
chrom/o
color
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
crani/o
cranium (skull)
dist/o
far, distant
ili/o
ilium (upper part of the hip bone)
kary/o
nucleus
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back; loins
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelv/o
pelvis
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
spin/o
spine, backbone
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
omphal/o
navel, umbilicus
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o
internal organs
bol/o
to cast
lith/o
stone
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
acu/o
sharp, severe, sudden
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
arter/o
artery
axill/o
armpit
blephar/o
eyelid
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
chem/o
drug, chemical
chron/o
time
col/o
colon/o
colon (large intestine)
hydr/o
water, fluid
isch/o
to hold back
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
lymph/o
lymph
mamm/o
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape, form
muc/o
mucus
my/o
myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
necr/o
death (of cells or the whole body)
neutr/o
neutral (neither base nor acid); neutrophil (a white blood cell)
opi/o
opium
ot/o
ear
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
plas/o
formation, development
pleur/o
pleura
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
lungs
rect/o
rectum
splen/o
spleen
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
tonsill/o
tonsils
ven/o
ven/i
vein
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
isch/o
to hold back
narc/o
stupor, sleep
dipl/o
two
gon/o
seed
eosin/o
rosy, red, dawn
bas/o
basic
carp/o
wrist bones
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
cutane/o
skin
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
duct/o
lead, carry
flex/o
bend
furc/o
branching
gloss/o
tongue
immun/o
protection
mort/o
death
nat/i
birth
norm/o
rule, order
ox/o
oxygen
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone); anterior portion of the pelvic or hip bone
seps/o
infection
somn/o
sleep
son/o
sound
tens/o
force, strain, stretch
the/o
put, place
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield (shape the thyroid gland resembled to those who named it)
top/o
place, position, location
tox/o
toxic/o
poison
urethr/o
urethra
is/o
same, equal
pharmaceut/o
drug
therapeut/o
treatment
vitr/o
glass
viv/o
life
tom/o
to cut, as in viewing in slices
fluor/o
luminous
roentgen/o
x-rays
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
aer/o
air
cras/o
mixture
idi/o
individual, peculiar
erg/o
work
esthes/o
feeling, sensation
hypn/o
sleep
lingu/o
tongue
myc/o
mold, fungus
or/o
stomat/o
mouth
pharmac/o
drug
prurit/o
itching
pyret/o
fever
thec/o
sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
vas/o
vessel, duct, vas deferens
vit/o
life
an/o
anus
append/o
appentic/o
appendix
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
belly, abdomen
cheil/o
labi/o
lip
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
chol/e
bil/i
gall, bile
choledoch/o
common bile duct
dent/I
odont/o
tooth
duoden/o
duodenum
esophag/o
esophagus
faci/o
face
gingiv/o
gums
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
orth/o
straight, upright
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
sialaden/o
salivary gland
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
uvul/o
uvula
amyl/o
starch
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
prote/o
protein
py/o
pus
sial/o
saliva, salivary
steat/o
fat
eti/o
cause
idi/o
unknown
cholangi/o
bile duct (vessel)
phas/o
speech
men/o
menstrual, menses, menstruation
herni/o
hernia
bar/o
weight
home/o
sameness
cali/o
calic/o
calyx (calix); cup-shaped
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o
ureter
vesic/o
urinary bladder
albumin/o
albumin (a protein in the blood)
azot/o
nitrogen
bacteri/o
bacteria
dips/o
thirst
kal/i
potassium
ket/o
keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
natr/o
sodium
noct/o
night
olig/o
scanty
urin/o
urine
corpor/o
body
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
chori/o
chorion/o
chorion
colp/o
vagin/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
episi/o
vulv/o
vulva
galact/o
lact/o
milk
hyster/o
uter/o
uterus, womb
metr/o
metri/o
uterus
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
o/o
ov/o
ovul/o
egg
oophor/o
ovari/o
ovary
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
salping/o
fallopian tubes
lei/o
smooth
terat/o
monster
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis (from Green balanos, meaning acorn)
cry/o
cold
crypt/o
hidden
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testis, testicle
pen/o
penis
prostat/o
prostate gland
semin/i
semen, seed
sperm/o
spermat/o
semen, seed
varic/o
varicose veins
zo/o
animal life
asthen/o
lack of strength
cerebell/o
cerebellum
dura mater
dur/o
gli/o
glial cells
lept/o
thin, slender
mening/o
meningi/o
membranes, meninges
pont/o
pons
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
thalam/o
thalamus
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
caus/o
burning
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
kines/o
kinesi/o
movement
lex/o
word, phrase
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
tax/o
order, coordination
aort/o
aorta
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
brachi/o
arm
cholesterol/o
cholesterol (a lipid substance)
coron/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
myx/o
mucus
pericardi/o
pericardium
rrhythm/o
rhythm
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
valvul/o
valv/o
valve
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
adenoid/o
adenoids
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
capn/o
carbon dioxide
coni/o
dust
epiglott/o
epiglottis
lob/o
lobe of the lung
mediastin/o
mediastinum
nas/o
nose
pector/o
chest
phon/o
voice
phren/o
diaphragm
pneum/o
pneumon/o
air, lung
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
coagul/o
clotting
granul/o
granules
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
mon/o
one, single
poikil/o
varied, irregular
sider/o
Iron
spher/o
globe, round
lymphaden/o
lymph node (gland)
thym/o
thymus gland
calc/o
calci/o
calcium
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
spondyl/o
vertebra (when used to make words about conditions of the structure rather than the structure itself)
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the mid and hindfoot)
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone, little finger side)
ankyl/o
stiff
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
ligament/o
ligament
rheumat/o
watery flow
synov/o
synovial membrane
ten/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
myos/o
muscle
plant/o
sole of the foot
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
