Cells and Tissue

Question 1

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

Answer 1

anabolism

Question 2

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released.

Answer 2

catabolism

Question 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 3

cell membrane

Question 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 _____ (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired _____.

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

All of the material that is outside of the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in _____.

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

Type of cell that is long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contacting and relaxing.

Answer 13

muscle cell

Question 14

A lining and skin cell that may be square and flat to provide protection.

Answer 14

epithelial cell

Question 15

A cell that is long and has various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.

Answer 15

nerve cell

Question 16

A cell that contains large, empty spaces for ____ storage.

Answer 16

fat cell

Question 17

Term that describes the change in cells as they mature and specialize.

Answer 17

differentiation

Question 18

Collection of fat cells.

Answer 18

adipose tissue

Question 19

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. _____ forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of _____ surround the trachea.

Answer 19

cartilage

Question 20

Specialist in the study of tissues.

Answer 20

histologist