Root activity Flashcards
What is root activity in grapevines?
Root activity refers to the processes of root growth, water and nutrient uptake, and interaction with soil microorganisms that support vine health and development.
What are the 2 physiological mechanisms that effect root activity?
-Water uptake
-Nutrient uptake
What are the main types of grapevine roots?
Primary roots: Develop from the seed or initial planting.
Lateral roots: Extend horizontally from the primary root to explore the soil for water and nutrients.
Fine roots: Specialize in nutrient and water absorption.
What are the 2 pathways for the mechanism of water uptake by roots?
Apoplast Pathway: Movement within cell walls and spaces between cells.
Symplast Pathway: Movement by water potential gradient, through the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the next.
What is the mechanism for nutrient uptake by roots?
Mineral ions enter the roots by facilitated diffusion and active transport- the movement of ions against a concentration gradient (uses ATP).
Mycorrhizal fungi associations enhance nutrient uptake, especially for phosphorus.
What environmental factors affect root activity?
Soil temperature: Optimal temperatures encourage root growth as it effects the rate of roots elongation.
Soil moisture: Essential for nutrient solubility and uptake.
Soil structure: Affects aeration, drainage, and rooting depth (compaction)
What cultural factors influence root activity?
Irrigation: Provides consistent moisture for root function.
Fertilization: Supplies essential nutrients for growth.
Soil cultivation: Improves aeration and nutrient availability but can damage fine roots if overdone.
Why is root activity/ a root system critical for a vine?
It supports water and nutrient supply, vine balance, stress tolerance, anchors the plant and stores carbohydrate reserves .
