Roofing Flashcards
Gable roof
When is used?
What climate?
What material is used?
Gable means triangular spot that is formed when two pitched areas of the roof meet
Very popular easy to build sheds water facilitates ventilation and can be applied to most houses design
Climate warm and humid
Asphalt shingles , cedar shacks tile terracotta tiles metal 
Hip roof
Shape
Fact
Climate
Material used
More difficult to build
Has four sides forming a pyramid
Does not provide ventilation forms better in high wind areas
Warm and humid cold
Metal shingles tiles or slates
Dutch roof
Shape
Fact
Climate
Material used
A hip roof with small gable at either end
House easier access access to lower portion of the roof
Benefits of natural light and extra space
Warm humid
Most materials like shingles metal clay or concrete tiles
Mensard roof
definition
Slope design
Origin
Purpose
Material
Maintenance
Proof with two stops on each of its four sides
Low slope is steeper than the upper slope
French architect, françios mansart 17th century
To provide additional living space or attic space within the structure
Slate shingles or metals depending on the region
Requires regular maintenance due to complex structure
Flat roof
Definition
Minimal plinth
Construction
Usage
space utilisation
Mainten
Durability
Weather condition
Horizontal or nearly horizontal with a slight slope for drainage
Unlike slope, roof, flat roof have minimal length ranging from 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch per foot
Continuous solus surface often made of concrete, asphalt Membrane material like EPDM or PVC
Modern contemporary architecture, commercial building and residential structures
Offers usable space for installation such as HV, AC units, solar panel, rooftop, garden or recreational area
Maintenance to prevent water, bonding and leaking and installation of proper drainage
Long lasting
Composite climate
Shed roof
Defination
Simple
Usage
Drainage
Adaptive
Natural light
Material
Insulation
Of course, here’s a concise overview of a shed roof:
- **Definition Single-sloping roof, sloping from one side to the other.
- **Simplicity Easy to construct and maintain.
- Usage: Common in sheds, garages, and modern architectural designs.
- Water Drainage: Efficient drainage with slope directing water away.
- Adaptability: Fits various building shapes and styles.
- Natural Light: Offers opportunities for windows and skylights.
- Materials: Can be made from metal, asphalt, wood, or membrane.
- Insulation: Important for temperature
Butterfly roof
Desgin
Aesthetic
Advantage
Disadvantage
Weather
Here’s a concise overview of a butterfly roof:
- Design: V-shaped roof with two panels sloping downwards towards the middle.
- Aesthetic: Modern and striking appearance.
- Rainwater Collection: Central valley allows for rainwater collection.
- Natural Light: Provides ample natural light through clerestory windows.
- Ventilation: Offers good ventilation due to high central ridge.
- Architectural Interest: Adds architectural interest to contemporary designs.
- Structural Considerations: Requires careful engineering for support and drainage.
- Materials: Can be constructed with various materials, including metal, wood, or glass.
-
Energy Efficiency: Potential for passive solar heating and cooling.
Hot and dry areas for passive cooling - Maintenance: Regular maintenance required to prevent leaks and ensure structural integrity.
Gambrel roof
Shape
Usage
Plus points
Minus points
Material used
Shape: Characterized by two slopes on each side, with the lower slope steeper than the upper slope.barn like shape
Usage: Commonly seen in traditional barns and colonial-style homes Space maximises Drainage Weather resistant Ventilation though gable and dormer Shingles metal or wood Require sturdy iframe
Dormer roof
Shape
Function
Climate
Material
Addition to X existing roof is a window and a roof protruding from the existing slope of the floor
Creates usable space out of the roof. Adding natural light and headroom.
Warm and humid cold
Shingles metal
M shaped roof
Shape
Climate
Material use
Double cable roof featuring two slope sides that neat in the middle with corresponding slopes on each side
Warm and humid cold
Shingles metal clay, concrete tile
Intersecting or overlaid hip
Shape
Climate
Material used
Combination of a cable and hip silhouette to top of more intricately went home
Dynamic visual that is grand yet classic
Frigid winter, steep pitch suitable for heavy snowfall
Shingles cedar shakes metal clay or concrete tile
Jerkin head roof
Definition
Structure
Stability
Drainage
Materials
Maintenance
Cost
Here’s a concise overview of a jerkinhead roof:
- Definition: Also known as a clipped gable or half-hip roof, it combines elements of a gable and a hip roof.
- Structure: Features gable-like ends with the peak clipped or truncated, resembling a hip roof.
- Stability: Provides increased stability and wind resistance compared to a traditional gable roof.
- Aesthetics: Offers a unique and visually appealing architectural style, blending characteristics of both gable and hip roofs.
- Water Drainage: Offers good water drainage and protection against leaks.
- Ventilation: Allows for ventilation through the gable ends.
- Versatility: Suitable for various architectural styles, including Tudor, Craftsman, and Mediterranean.
- Materials: Can be constructed with a variety of roofing materials such as asphalt shingles, metal, or tiles.
- Cost: May be more expensive to build than a standard gable roof due to its complex structure.
- Maintenance: Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure proper drainage and prevent water damage.
Saltbox roof
Shape
Original
Wheater
Material mantanaince
Pros and cons
:
- Shape & Design: The saltbox roof’s asymmetrical gable shape provides more interior space on the upper floor, similar to a gambrel roof’s utilization of space.
- Origins & Aesthetics: Named after colonial-era salt storage boxes, it offers a charming and traditional appearance akin to a gambrel roof’s rustic appeal.
- Weather Resistance & Ventilation: Both roof styles provide good water drainage and ventilation through their gable ends or dormers, ensuring durability and comfort.
- Materials & Maintenance: Can be constructed with various materials like shingles, metal, or wood, requiring regular maintenance to uphold their structural integrity and weather resistance.
- Energy Efficiency: Both roof styles offer potential for passive solar heating and cooling, particularly with proper orientation and insulation.
Connecting these points highlights the similarities between saltbox and gambrel roofs in terms of design, aesthetics, functionality, and maintenance requirements.
Sloping flat
Shape
Climate
Material
Dramatic and minimal
Composite
Single large factory made sheets such as EPD M synthetic rubber polyvinyl, chloride, PVC thermoplastic polyolefin
Pyramid roof
Shape
Climate
Material
Variation of a hip proof keeps all side sloping down towards the wall and depending on the size of the building they may take three or more rectangular faces
Warm, humid or cold
Asphalt shingles CEDAR shake tile terracotta tile metal
Gable and valley roof
Shape
Function
Climate
Material
Shape Features two sloping sides meeting at a valley or ridge in the center.
• Resembles an inverted V-shape, with each side forming a gable.
Function efficiently, shades, water and snowfall of the roof provide structural stability and support for the roofing system
Material asphalt shingles metal or tiles depends on factors like climate budget and architectural style
Use residential and commercial buildings to high precipitation due to effective water drainage
Bonnet roof
shape
Function
Material
Use
Shape double slope design on all four sides with lower slope steer than the upper slope, Gable roof with flood or extended eaves on all sides
Protection from elements with extended eve, offers shade and shelter to windows and walls, improved ventilation and airflow
As well shingles metal and tiles
Areas with hot climate of coastal region where sun and rain is prominent
Expensive maintenance Limited attic space
Cross hip roof
Shape
Function
Material
Use
Combo of hip and cable roof section, forming cross shaped layout for sloping sides with each side, having a hip of cable design
Structural stability support for roofing system, distribution of weight, evenly effective water drainage when resistant
Same material
Residential commercial buildings with moderate to high rain and wind
Dutch cable
Shape
Climate
Function
a gable and hip roof featuring cable and a top hip roof structure triangular shape, formed by cable with a small hip at peak
Warm human cold
Compromise between spaciousness of gable and stability of hip
Flying gable roof
A gable roof with a projecting triangular member on the gable wall
Monitor roof
A roof that is on top of a roof raised parallel to the main roof
Provides inulation and llighting
Cornical roof
A roof with shape of a cone
Rhombic roof
A roof with shape of rhombus that is connected
Barrel roof
A roof with the shape of a half barrel
Bow roof
A free standing arch shaped structure easy to build and is cheap
saw tooth
Roof with series of steep ridges the steeper sides are glazed to provide sun light
Clearstory roof
A roof whose parallel wall is projecting upwards with windows on it
And is connected with the shed
Pent hipped roof
A roof that is hipped shaped however it is not the main roof and
is a single slopping roof sloping downwards
Gothic or rainbow arched roof
Gable roof but curvy
