Rome’s Legacy: Byzantium, Papacy, RCC

Question 1

Ottoman Empire. What is it? What would it ultimately do?

Answer 1

Muslim empire of the Turks

Would ultimately capture Constantinople

Question 2

What was the advantage of Constantinople’s site?

Answer 2

Strategically located for commercial & political influence

Question 3

Byzantine history and icons (what were icons and what happened to them)

Answer 3

Icons were religious images used to foster worship

Iconoclasts (people) tried to destroy all icons

The veneration of icons was allowed and they remain a part of Eastern Orthodoxy

Question 4

Reasons for the Byzantine empire’s endurance

Answer 4

• It possessed a money economy
• possessed advanced military science
• the Empire was a centralized administration

Question 5

What brought an upsurge in the papacy’s rise/ position /authority? (Background of the papacy)

Answer 5

Barbarian invasions

Question 6

What factors is the pope’s claim of supreme authority based on? (Background of the papacy)

Answer 6

1. Petrine theory
2. Apostolic succession

Question 7

Does the NT mention Peter serving as bishop of Rome? (Background of the papacy)

Answer 7

No, this is a legend

Question 8

Background of the papacy

Answer 8

1. Upsurge in papacy’s rise /position/ authority (barbarian invasions)
2. Pope’s claim of supreme authority (Petrine theory & apostolic succession)
3. NT does not mention Peter serving as bishop of Rome (legend)

Question 9

What did the pope Gregory I (aka “Gregory the Great “) do?

Answer 9

Gave impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory

Question 10

Explain the religious practice of purgatory

Answer 10

“A place in which are detained the souls with debt for sin unpaid “

Suffering in purgatory is necessary because the person has not made complete satisfaction for sins.

Question 11

Sacraments (how many are there and examples)

Answer 11

Seven sacraments

-holy Eucharist

-holy orders

-extreme unction

Question 12

Explain the holy Eucharist sacrament

Answer 12

It’s the heart of the Mass worship service

Transubstantiation: at the priest’s words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ

Question 13

Explain the holy orders or ordination sacrament

Answer 13

Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop

Question 14

Explain the extreme unction sacrament

Answer 14

“Last rites” given by a priest to someone near death for forgiveness of sins