Rome as Spectacle - Week 4 Flashcards
<p>
</p>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Name: S.Pietro </p>
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Architects: Bramante, Raphael, Sangallo, Michelangelo, Ligorio, Vignola, Giacomo della Porta, Carlo Maderno</p>
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Site location:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Cemetery – had to be built outside city walls</li>
<li>
Circus of Nero – outside of town for vast and bigger area 64AD – Saint Peter martyred in circus and buried at the site.</li>
</ul>
<p>
4th century</p>
<ul>
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Basilica built over tomb during reign of Constantine</li>
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New church is build, and old St. Peters left untouched, stood side by side for many years until demolition needed. </li>
</ul>
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1650s</p>
<ul>
<li>
Counter Reformation occurs and st. Peters is completed the the 17th century.</li>
</ul>
<p>
other info</p>
<ul>
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Foot print of present church shifted toward the west (down) from the old church so that the dome is located in the center of the church rather than the end.</li>
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building is broad in respect to its height &
</li></ul>
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<a><img></img></a></p>
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1450 : Rossellino's Plan comissioned by pope Nicolas V</p>
<ul>
<li>
Beginning of large transformation to Vatican City mainly because of safety. it was a safer area due to being located across the river, within the papal walls, and near the fortress of castle st angelo.</li>
<li>
Plan similar to old church including large longitudinal basilica with 5 aisles. a large palace complex. palazzos for cardinals along road to Castel Sant’Angelo and the obelisk</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
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Bramante's Plan of St Peter's</p>
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Date: 1505</p>
<ul>
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Central plan (superimposition of square and Greek cross w/ 4 subsidiary Greek crosses.</li>
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Was documented by Parchment plan and executed by Sangallo</li>
</ul>
<p>
1506</p>
<ul>
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Debate on centralizied space vs. extended Nave that was not decided until a century later.</li>
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cornerstone laid</li>
</ul>
<p>
Bramante's Dome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Double shell construction</li>
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Based off of the pantheon but with a lantern at top and placed over a different base.</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
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Plan of St peters by Bramante and Peruzzi</p>
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Date: before 1513</p>
<ul>
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The arms around greek cross are ambulatory</li>
</ul>
<p>
during 1513</p>
<ul>
<li>
death of Julius II and election of pope Leo X</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
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Rafael's Plan</p>
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Date: 1514</p>
<ul>
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Death of Bramante and Rafael is appointed architect</li>
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Adds longitudinal basilica to plan</li>
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also proposes nave extention</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Sangallo's Plan</p>
<p>
Date: 1520</p>
<ul>
<li>
Becomes architect with the help from Peruzzi</li>
<li>
plan has centralized area and longitudinal extention</li>
<li>
enlarges the 4 piers with ambulatories</li>
<li>
huge model made out of hard wood (1539 - 1546)</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
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Michelangelo's Plan</p>
<p>
Date: 1546-64</p>
<ul>
<li>
Redesigns base on Bramante’s plan</li>
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reduces size and complexity of plan</li>
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goes rid of nave</li>
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the arms are eliminated and replaced by diagonal walls</li>
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Makes the dome more into a hemisphere but his successer refers back to his previous drawing</li>
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the dome is inspired by Florence Cathedral (double shell construction)</li>
<li>
the dome ends up being more vertical than originally designed</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
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Giacomo della porta's execution of the dome because Michelangelo dies.</p>
<p>
Date: 1574</p>
<ul>
<li>
He keeps the idea but makes some changes</li>
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1590 the dome was complete took 22 months</li>
</ul>
<p>
Pope: Sixtus V 1580-90</p>
<ul>
<li>
obelisk pope (obelisk gets moved to its current site in 1586 by the engineer-architect Domenico Fontana</li>
<li>
orders crew to finish the dome quickly</li>
<li>
tomb of peter meanswhile protected in a shed</li>
<li>
still have by this time 2/3rd of the constantine church</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Date: 1608</p>
<p>
Pope: Paul V</p>
<p>
Architect: Carlo Maderno</p>
<ul>
<li>
Builds and extends longitudinal nave</li>
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executes facade</li>
</ul>
<p>
Facade</p>
<ul>
<li>
three tiers</li>
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front facing the city</li>
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engraved with Pope Paul V name</li>
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inscription is not as wide as the facade because the outer part of facade had not been designed yet</li>
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Bernini is the architect when facade towers are built after Mederno dies</li>
</ul>
<p>
<br></br>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Bronze door</p>
<p>
Date: 1430</p>
<p>
Artist: Filaretti (sculptor from florence)</p>
<p>
<br></br>
Commissioned by Eugenius IV from Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Martyrdom of Peter+Paul (Peter – gets keys to heaven - crucified upside down; Paul – has sword - is beheaded...and head bounce three times.</li>
<li>
Reliefs of mythological stories; Greek-roman gods.</li>
</ul>
<p>
other</p>
<ul>
<li>
No paintings in basilica, replaced by all mosaic due to durability.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Spada</p>
<p>
Architect: Bartolomeo Baronino</p>
<p>
Modified by: Francesco Borromini</p>
<p>
Date: 1540</p>
<p>
Location: Rome -historic center</p>
<ul>
<li>
originally built for cardinal Girolamo Capodiferro</li>
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in 1632, Cardinal Spada purchased it and brought in Borromini to modify it</li>
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Borromini forced perspective optical illusion</li>
<li>
created axis from river, to palazzo, to fountain</li>
<li>
Mannerist stucco sculptural decor of the palazzo's front and its courtyard façades</li>
</ul>
