Rome as Spectacle Midterm - Florence Flashcards
Name: Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiori
Architect Building: Arnolfo di Cambio
Architect Dome: Brunelleschi
Date Basilica: 1294-96
Date Dome: 1417-1436
Location: Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)
- Centrally defining for the identity of the city, guilds mostly in charge of building.
- Dome reflects shape of baptestry dome
- Dome: Stone and timber beams clamped together together wth iron - compression rings to support dome
- Polychrome marble (green, white, pink)
- 19th Century gothic revival style
- Built from the nave moving towards the dome. Dome left unfinished until competition came up with a way to complete it.
Name: Baptistry S. Maria del Fiori
Architect: Unknown
Date: 1059-1128
Location: Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)
Pope: Nicholas II
- Baptistry to St. John. Images of his life depicted in the dome - venetian mosaic ceiling.
- Octagonal plan. Stands in front of the church
- Florentine Romanesque style
- Known for its 3 sets of bronze doors
- South: by Andrea Pisano
- North and East: Lorenzo Ghiberti - won after competition in which he and Brunilleschi tied and were told to make the doors together, but B quit.
- Doors took G 21 years to complete
Name: Bell Tower S. Maria del Fiori (Campanile)
Architect: Giotto
Date: 1334-1359
Location: Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)
- Giotto’s only work of architecture - nominated after death of Arnolfo di Cambio
- more dense at teh base, more perforated as it rises (following structrual need)
- Separate from basilica
- similarity of materials with the cathedral (polychrome marble)
- Giotto died before its completion, his design was exicuted by Pisano, then Francesco Talenti
Name: Basilica della Santa Maria del Santo Spirito
Architect: Filippo Brunelleschi
Date: 1444-1487 (15th c)
Location: Florence (Oltrarno quarter)
- Brunelleschi began design in 1428, but died in 1446. the work was carried out by Antonio Manetti, Giovanni da Gaiole, and Salvi d’Andrea
- his ideas were thworted - not carried out to original intention like S. Lorenzo
- Originally intended to have chappels form ALL outer walls of the church, including the front, allowing for 4 entry doors (unusual as there would be no central entrance)
- Chapels intended to be expressed on exterior - in realty plastered over to create smooth exterior walls
- Facade never created with 4 entrys, instead one central and 2 flanking.
- Facade never built and so left blank.
Name: Piazza della Signoria
Architect:
Date:
Location: Florence (Ancient City) - near Ponte Vecchio, Piazza del Duomo
- L-shaped piazza in front of the Palazzo Vecchio and Uffizi
- Political Hub
- Bound on one side by the Loggia dei Lanzi (1376-82) - a place to disply art, and which served as a covered meeting gallery.
- location for the original David statue
Name: Palazzo Vecchio
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio
Date: 1299
Location: Florence (Ancient City) - On Piazza Signoria
- Romanesque stype
- Fortress palaca, built for better security for the Medici family.
- cambio construced it from the ruins of Palazzos once owned by the Uberti family.
- originally built as a cubic building, added to in 3 more stages. Each represented in a different architectural style
- Can be seen in skyline due to its large tower, one of the only few left in Florence
- built in solid rustic stonework, two rows of two-lighted gothic window.
Name: Santa Croce
Architect: Possibly Arnolfo di Cambio
Date: 1294-1385
Location: Florence, Piazza di santa Croce
- Principal Franciscan church in florence. Originally built outside the ancient city wall
- 19th centruy facade (green and white marble typical of florence)
- Non-vauted
- addition of classical aedicule along side in 19th c.
- 2 dante memorials
- Known as the “temple of itlaian glories” - burrial place of famous italians (Michelangelo, Galilei, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Gentile, Rossini)
- Noted for 16 chapels - many decorated by Giotto frescoes (subject: st. John and St. Francis.
- Cappella dei Pazzi - a chapter house, was added in 1470s by Brunelleschi
Name: Piazzi Chapel
Architect: Filippo Brunelleschi
Date: 1443-1460s
Location: Florence (iin 1st cloister of Basilica di S. Croce)
- Comissioned by the Pazzi family
- Main purpose of the building was as a chapter house
- Chapel behind the altar where family members were to be burried,
- Plan based on a square and circle. Plan references the Old Sacrasty. The rectangular plan component has been widened to fit predetermined wall boundaries.
- Common use of grey (pietra serena/serene stoen) and white stone.
- Between the pilasters in the transept there are tall, blank, round headed panels ans above them roundels, a common renaissance motif.
- Umbrella dome.
- Circular inset decoration (Apostles) wtih glazed blue tile featured (artist:Luca della Robbia)
- Figures of the Evangelists may be by Donatello.
Name: Piazza and Church Santissima Annunziata
Architect: Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (originally given comission) and Leon Battista Alberti
Date: 1419
Location: Florence - near duomo
- Church of the Servite order (order also responsibe for the logia opposite the hospitol)
- Space given baroque dressing in the 17th c, basic scheme of a domed circular space flanked by altar niches is still visible.
- Facade loggia designed to respond to the logia of the Ospedale degli Innocenti (later 3rd piazza facade would complete the composition
Name: Ospedale degli Innocenti
Architect: Brunalleschi
Date: 1419
Location: Florence - near duomo
- Originally a childrens orphanage, and hospital
- Example of Italian early renaissance style
- features a 9 bay logia, slender columns of the composit order, with 9 semi-circular springing arches
- revival of the classical style.
- upper tier intended ot have pilasters to continue the vertical line fo the columns
- Bllue glazed teracotta roundels, depectign babies, designed by Andrea della Robbia
- column is a representation fo dimensions and proportions of the building.
- Hospital loggia was common in his time, he did not invent the concept, but reinterpreted its representation.
- does not featuer inpost blocks, (rep of entablature) but these would be added to his later designs for other building.
Name: Galleria dell’Academia
Architect:
Date: founded 1784 (david added 1873)
Location: Florence
- Contains Michelangelo’s David and unfinished statues (prisoners, statues from tomb of pope Julius II and statue fo Satin Matthew, and a Pieta). (michelangelo’s museum)
- Room built ot house the David statue
- contains a large qualtity fo plaster casts such as art students woudl study from
- david unique in the representation of him as an older figure in contemplation before slaying galioth.
- figure moved inside (from piazza delle signoria) to protect from the elements.
Name: Pialazzo Medici Riccardo
Architect: Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
Date: 1444-1484
Location: Florence (near S. Lorenzo)
- Renaissance palace
- Stone masonry with rusticated ashlar
- tripartite elevation used expresses the renaissance spirit of rationality, order, and classicism on human scale
- division emphasizes horizontality of building and decreasing story height
- transition from ground to top of rustication to delicately refoned stonework.
- open colonnaded court in center of palazzo (roman peristyle)
- expanded by Ricardi family
Name: Church San Lorenzo
Architect: Brunelleschi
Date: 1420
Location: Florence
- Unfinished facade - michelangelo asked to design a space for the burrial of 2 unexpeced deaths in the medici family. (old sacrasty)
- principa burial place for Medici family
- Attempt to create proportional relationship between nave and side aisles
- relationship between columns and pilasters
- modified frieze to connect column to arch
- use of italian pietre serena
- Barrel Vaulted side chapels
- Impost blocks on colonnades. Mimics brunalleschi’s idea of classical
Name: Laurentian LIbrary
Architect: Michelangelo
Date: 1524
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Complex
- built in a cloister of S. Lorenzo
- Built to house the Medid family manuscript collection
- Example of Mannerist archtieture
- Michelangelp left florence 1534, project comlpeted according to his design under Tribolo, Basari, and Ammannati.
- intricate wooden ceiling in the reading room, pattern reflecred in the floor.
- Vestibule - use of pietra serena. columns set into wall and “held up” on curvaing base pieces set into the wall.
- Features monumental stair. Central with 2 falnking sides. cetnral steps are curved, the bottom 3 being oval like in form
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Name: Old Sacrasty
Architect: Brunelleschi
Date: 1419 (21?) - 1440
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Basilica off the left transcept
- Built mostly before the rest of the church, which was built aroudn the sacristy.
- Square plan, with smaller sq for altar with dome - umbrella dome, 12 vaults
- pendentives and pilasters articulate wall and extress structure. entablature divides teh sapce into 2 equal horizontal zones
- entered from a corner
- use fo pietre serena
- in center of the room, under the large marble table, is teh tomb of the patron Medici and his wife (the to first Medici)
- Tomb of this son and grandson are in the space (not the two who died unexpectedly)
- Actaully functioned as a scaristy at one point
Name: New Sacristy
Architect: Michelangelo
Date: 1521
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Basilica off right transcept
- For medici brothers (the one who dies unexpectedly, also the project that interrupted the facade construction)
- Similar format to Old sacristy, square plan with circular dome.
- Pantheon dome.
- decorated niches set into wall featuring statue of dead medici.
- features statues fo day, night, dawn and dush on tomb monuments
- entered from the corner. located on teh
- when michelangelo left florence work was completed by Vassari and Ammanati
Name: Ponte Vecchio
Architect: Giorgio Vasari
Date: 1345
Location: Arno River, Florence
- Medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge
- Rebuilt in 1345 after destroyed in floods in 1117 and 1333
- Oldest bridge crossing the Arno River in Florence
- Once inhabited by food shops, now known for jewelry shops
- The bridge spans the Arno at its narrowest point where it is believed that a bridge was first built in Roman times- 105’ wide and longest span is 98’
Name: Piazzale degli Uffizi
Architect: Vasari
Date: 1560
Location: Florence
- houses the Medici Collections
- designed for Cosimo I de’ Medici - offices for Florentine magistrates
- two wings scaling the sides and connected on one end
- emphasized the perspective length by the matching facades’ continuous roof cornices
- Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti took over and construction ended in 1581
Name: Santa Felicita
Date: 1736-1739
Architect: Ferdinando Ruggieri
Location: Florence
- Vasari corridor passes through the facade- Medici walkway
- semi-spherical dome
- square plan
- The Brunelleschian sacristy dates from 1473 and was under the patronage of the Canigiani family
- The Barbadori (or Capponi) chapel (1419-1423) was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi
Name: Piazza/Palazzo Pitti
Architect: Fancelli
Date: 1458
Location: Florence
- Renaissance Palace
- Luca Pitti was an ambitious Florentine banker
- Rusticated roman style
- Connected to the Palazzo Vecchio by Vasari corridor
- Boboli gardens behind palazzo
