Rome as Spectacle - Compiled Deck Flashcards
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Walls and Topo</p>
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Walls and Topo</p>
<ul>
<li>
man made (walls) , natural features</li>
<li>
aueralian wall</li>
<li>
AD 270</li>
<li>
Emperor Aurelian</li>
<li>
Emperor Aurelian of Rome recognized the threat from Germanic tribes near the borders of the Roman Empire, and he decided to build a wall to protect the city</li>
<li>
The city completely dismantled the Republican Wall and the Aurelian was built</li>
<li>
The wall wraps around the 7 hills of Rome</li>
<li>
The wall included a square tower about every 30m, 381 in total. It also featured many grand gates, 18 in total</li>
<li>
Today, about 2/3 of the Aurelian Wall remains intact and quite well preserved</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
republican circuit</li>
<li>
wall of leo</li>
<li>
wall of paul</li>
<li>
walls: republican (servian) ciruit 390 bc, aeralian 270ad, wall of leo 9th century, wall of paul 1534-1644</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
natural features:</li>
<li>
Hill: Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palaltine, Quirinal, Viminal</li>
<li>
River: Tiber and Tiber Island</li>
</ul>
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Periods</p>
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Periods</p>
<ul>
<li>
second millennium bc: cluster of huts , first inhabitants of rome- arcaic age, ends in 509 bc. Characterized by the rule of kings</li>
<li>
republic age: 500 years. 509bc to 31 bc. Characterized by the rule of magistrates. Politicians elected by roman citizens. Democratic republic. Rome begins to become a greater empire, conquer much of the Mediterranean and rome is considered the center. The expansion period</li>
<li>
imperial age: 31 bc to 476 ad- characterized by the rule of emperors, recollection of all power to a single person. Christianity begins to adhere.</li>
<li>
4th-14th: early Christian/ medieval rome: offical tolerance to Christian religion. Papecy moved to pavignon, in absence of popes in rome population shrinks to 17000 from 1.5 million</li>
<li>
4th-14th: early Christian/ medieval rome: offical tolerance to Christian religion. Papecy moved to pavignon, in absence of popes in rome population shrinks to 17000 from 1.5 million</li>
<li>
1870: modern rome- 225,000 inhabitants.</li>
<li>
1870-1922: roma capitale- the new nation state</li>
<li>
1922: musalini beginning the fascist state</li>
<li>
1943: collapses during ww2</li>
<li>
1948-present: rome as capital of republican italy</li>
</ul>
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Important Features</p>
<p>
Introductory lecture - Central campus Martius - Important Features</p>
<ul>
<li>
<span>hills of rome do not allow for a gridded city plan</span></li>
<li>
campo marcius buildings are somewhat gridded and originate axially</li>
<li>
1748: noli plan – acuracym inventions, public buildings shown in olan, private blacked out.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
Significance of church placement</li>
<li>
st peters: extreme nw- grave marker outside city limits</li>
<li>
-st john lateran: extreme se- founded as cathedral church, #1 in the city. Church of bishop, complex of palaces which no longer exist, original site of pope</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
pope Nicholas the fifth decides to live at st peters for security</li>
<li>
castle s tangelo: emperor hadrien’s masoleum, then turns into a fortress to defend wall of opposite bank,, once the aeralian wall is built. Whoever holds the fortress controls the city</li>
<li>
via guilia (1500s) is parallel to via lungaria- connected at southern end by the ponte sisto. Pope guilio 3rd sponsored the street, pope sixtus the fifth did the bridge. Meant to be a grand connection to the circuit that connected people with the Vatican. Lined with palazzo rather than the intended ministry buildings.</li>
<li>
piazza del popollo- grand extrance into rome- northern tip of trident. Church twice rebuilt</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Palazzo Venezia</p>
<p>
Year:1455 began, expanded in 1564(church)</p>
<p>
Locaction:Piazza Venezia, Rome, Italy</p>
<p>
Architect: Leon BattistaAlberti</p>
<p>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
1469 became a papal palace</li>
<li>
1564 expansion including church</li>
<li>
planted courtyard in pallazo venezia. First floor was public, second floor façade appears to be single height</li>
<li>
mix of medieval and renaissance</li>
<li>
empty coiffers in entrance to make it look like an ancient building, mimic the pantheon</li>
<li>
Courtyard shifted when Piazza Venezia was remodeled</li>
<li>
Mussolini occupies for his headquarters</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Piazza Venezia</p>
<p>
Date: 1880-1911</p>
<p>
Location: Rome, Italy (Capitaline Hill)</p>
<p>
Architect: Giuseppe Sacconi</p>
<p>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
via nationale and corso vittorio planned to join to main arteries at the northern edge of pallazo venezia</li>
<li>
20th century architecture to frame the site</li>
<li>
Mimmicing Pallazo</li>
<li>
much demolition occured to create the space</li>
<li>
Converging point of traffic</li>
</ul>
<p>
Victor Emanuelle II Monument</p>
<p>
Date: 1882</p>
<p>
Location: Piazza Venezia</p>
<p>
Architect:Giuseppe Sacconi</p>
<p>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
after victor emanuel’s death competition for a monument without program/ site</li>
<li>
First design competition won by a Frenchman, considered inapropriate</li>
<li>
Second competition held for exclusively Italian designers</li>
<li>
Monument to the Unknown Soldier added after WWI</li>
</ul>
<p>
Campidoglio</p>
<p>
Year: 1538</p>
<p>
Location: Capitaline Hill, Rome, Italy</p>
<p>
Architect: Michelangelo</p>
<ul>
<li>
"Belly of the World", center of Rome</li>
<li>
caused reorientation of Capitaline Hill</li>
<li>
Lateral symmetry, directionality</li>
<li>
Oldest museum in Rome</li>
<li>
Has remained the goverment center with City Hall</li>
</ul>
<p>
Forum Boarium</p>
<p>
Date: 6th cent. BC</p>
<p>
Location: base of the Aventine Hill</p>
<p>
Architect: Unkown</p>
<ul>
<li>
Site of a cattle market next to the Tiber</li>
<li>
Held Imperial Fora</li>
<li>
Temple of Hurcules - more greek</li>
<li>
Temple of Portunis - more roman</li>
<li>
Complex shows the fussion of the two cultures</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
S. Maria in Cosmedin</p>
<p>
Date: Built 8th c, rebuilt 1118-23</p>
<p>
Location: Base of Aventine Hill, Rome, Italy</p>
<p>
Architect:</p>
<ul>
<li>
1123 - rebuilt by Pope Callixtus 2, resulted in the building we have today</li>
<li>
Present facad byu Giovanni Battista de Rossi (18th c)</li>
<li>
Built over the remains of an ancient temple that was part of the Forum Boarium</li>
<li>
Bell tower from the medieval period - very indicative of the period</li>
<li>
Bath alter piece</li>
<li>
Corbousier references this curch as all white in his architectural records of Rome</li>
<li>
Roof beams left exposed</li>
<li>
Boroque facade with portico added</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Aventine Hill</p>
<p>
Date: Habitation starting here in 5th cent. BC</p>
<ul>
<li>
Home of Remus in ancient tale \</li>
<li>
Home of plebeans - working class community</li>
<li>
located outside original city bounds</li>
<li>
Current location of Knights of Malta</li>
</ul>
<p>
S. Sabina</p>
<p>
Date: 422-432 BC</p>
<p>
Location: Aventine Hill, Rome, Italy</p>
<p>
Architect: unknown</p>
<ul>
<li>
Basilican type - early christian church</li>
<li>
Rectangular plan</li>
<li>
apse, altar, bulges towards the east</li>
<li>
spolia used</li>
<li>
St. Katherine of Siena - Baroque fresco addition</li>
<li>
Wooden carved doors dating to 5th cent.</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Knights of Malta Complex</p>
<p>
Date: 1760</p>
<p>
Location: Aventine Hill, Rome, Italy</p>
<p>
Architect:Giovanni Piranesi</p>
<ul>
<li>
Keyhole to St.Peters</li>
<li>
One of Piranesi's few built projects - also design Piazza infront of church</li>
<li>
Play on geometry and density</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Villa Farnesina</p>
<p>
Architect: Peruzzi and Sangallo</p>
<p>
Date: 1506-1510</p>
<p>
Location: Trastevere, Rome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Built for Agostino Chigi for entertaining</li>
<li>
U-shaped villa</li>
<li>
Frescoes by Raphael</li>
<li>
Open loggias- vaulted overhead- later enclosed</li>
<li>
Gardens used to meet river</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo della Cancelleria</p>
<p>
Architect: debate between Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Baccio Pontelli</p>
<p>
Courtyard Architect: Bramante</p>
<p>
Date:1489-1513</p>
<p>
Location: Rome. between the present Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and the Campo de' Fiori</p>
<ul>
<li>
built for Cardinal Raffaele Riario who held the post of Cardinal Camerlengo to his powerful uncle, Pope Sixtus IV</li>
<li>
earliest renaissance palace in Rome</li>
<li>
not a 90 degree corner, followed existing street edge</li>
<li>
part of papal procession</li>
<li>
courtyard designed with open loggia fully surrounding</li>
<li>
church included with no indication on facade</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Vidoni</p>
<p>
Architect: Raphael and Lorenzetto</p>
<p>
Date: 1515-1525</p>
<p>
Location: Rome. situated between Via del Shroud, Vidoni Square and Corso Vittorio Emanuele.</p>
<ul>
<li>
One of the oldest buildings built in Renaissance</li>
<li>
Based off of an old building built in a different location that was brought to Rome and was enlarged and restored.</li>
<li>
commissioned by Bernardino Caffarelli incorporating pre-existing buildings</li>
<li>
18th century- Cardinal Vidoni (hence the current name) enlarged it</li>
<li>
The facade had seven spans with the ground floor treated as a rusticated base with horizontal bands of dark-colored tuff</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Maccarani</p>
<p>
Architect: Giulio Romano</p>
<p>
Date: 1521</p>
<p>
Location: Rome in Piazza S. Eustace</p>
<ul>
<li>
derivation of Bramantes model</li>
<li>
mannerist architecture</li>
<li>
rusticated ground floor and pilasters</li>
<li>
off of papal way</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Baldassini</p>
<p>
Architect: Antonio Sangallo the younger</p>
<p>
Date: 1515-1518</p>
<p>
Location: Rome</p>
<ul>
<li>
built for Balassini, papal jurist from Napoli</li>
<li>
Piano Nobile were apartments while the ground floors were shops</li>
<li>
interiors frescoed by caravaggio, vaga, udine</li>
<li>
Strong rusticated angle, horizontal band corresponding to the window sills, while the rest of the walls are intentionally left bare</li>
<li>
7 bay facade; 3 stories</li>
<li>
courtyard enclosed on 3 sides</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo LeRoy</p>
<p>
Architect: Antonio da Sangallo the younger</p>
<p>
Date: 1523</p>
<p>
Location: Rome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Built for Thomas LeRoy, a french cardinal</li>
<li>
tripartite motif for entrance ways- solution for tiny palazzo</li>
<li>
reconstructed to look ancient</li>
<li>
flower motif</li>
<li>
facade destroyed with the construction of corso vittorio emanuele; entry through the side of the palazzo</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Massimo</p>
<p>
Architect: Baldassarre Peruzzi</p>
<p>
Date: 1532-1535</p>
<p>
Location: Rome</p>
<ul>
<li>
The entrance is characterized by a central portico with six Doric columns, paired and single.</li>
<li>
constructed of spolia</li>
<li>
inside- perforated architrave</li>
<li>
used to be central post office of Rome</li>
<li>
coffered ceiling, frescoed exterior ceiling</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Farnese</p>
<p>
Architect: Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</p>
<p>
Date: 1517-1589</p>
<p>
Location: Rome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Designed for the Farnese family-Alessandro Farnese became Pope Paul III in 1534 and the concept expanded</li>
<li>
became papal palace in 1534</li>
<li>
Michelangelo was brought in to design the third story, the cornice and the courtyard</li>
<li>
The interior is decorated with frescoes by Annibale Carracci.</li>
<li>
During the 16th century, two large granite basins from the Baths of Caracalla were adapted as fountains in the Piazza Farnese, the "urban" face of the palace.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Belvedere Courtyard</p>
<p>
Architect: Donato Bramante</p>
<p>
Date: 1506</p>
<p>
Location: Vatican Palace, Vatican City</p>
<ul>
<li>
Bramante regularized the slope as a set of terraces, linked by rigorously symmetrical stairs on the central longitudinal axis, to create a sequence of formal spaces</li>
<li>
courtyard broken into 3 parts by Sixtus V who breakaway from the imperialism and immensity.</li>
<li>
immensity of scale compared to other courtyards, imperial ambition was common in the 16th century</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Museo Pio Clementino</p>
<p>
Founded by: Pope Clement XIV</p>
<p>
Date: 1771</p>
<p>
Location: Vatican Palace, Vatican City</p>
<ul>
<li>
Contains greek and roman work</li>
<li>
Museum and collection enlarged by Pius VI</li>
<li>
Total of 54 galleries, the final being the sistene chapel; journey to that destination</li>
<li>
Notable galleries:</li>
<li>
Greek Cross Gallery: (Sala a Croce Greca): with the porphyri sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helen, daughter and mother of Constantine the Great.</li>
<li>
Sala Rotonda: shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, and ancient statues lining the perimeter, including a gilded bronze statue of Hercules.</li>
<li>
Gallery of the Statues (Galleria delle Statue): as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadne and the bust of Menander. It also contains theBarberini Candelabra.</li>
<li>
Gallery of the Busts (Galleria dei Busti): Many ancient busts are displayed.</li>
<li>
Cabinet of the Masks (Gabinetto delle Maschere): The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, found in Villa Adriana, which shows ancient theater masks. Along the walls, several famous statues are shown including the Three Graces.</li>
<li>
Sala delle Muse: Houses the statue group of Apollo and the nine muses as well as statues by important ancient Greek sculptors.</li>
<li>
Sala degli Animali: So named because of the many ancient statues of animals.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Chapel of Nicholas V</p>
<p>
Artist: Fra Angelico</p>
<p>
Date: 1447-1450</p>
<p>
Location: Apostolic Palace in Vatican City</p>
<ul>
<li>
The name is derived from its patron, Pope Nicholas V, who had it built for use as his private chapel.</li>
<li>
The chapel is located in the Tower of Innocent III, in the most ancient part of the Apostolic Palace</li>
<li>
only the pope uses this chapel</li>
<li>
dedicated to St. Stephen (stoned-rock in head) and St. Laurence (burned)</li>
<li>
The frescoes, full of fine architectural details, allude also to Nicholas V's desire to rebuild Rome as the new capital city of Christianity</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Stanze of Raphael</p>
<p>
Artist: Raphael</p>
<p>
Date: 1508</p>
<p>
Location: Palace of the Vatican, Vatican City</p>
<ul>
<li>
Frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop.</li>
<li>
Patrons: Julius II and Leo X</li>
<li>
Together with Michelangelo's ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, they are the grand fresco sequences that mark the High Renaissance in Rome.</li>
<li>
Pope Julius II commissioned Raphael, in 1508 to redecorate the existing interiors of the rooms entirely.</li>
<li>
Rooms are: the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"), the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"), the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura") and the Stanza dell'Incendio del Borgo ("The Room of the Fire in the Borgo")</li>
<li>
Frescoes often allusions that mixes historical facts with politics at the time, or retouching the story for the papacy to regain legitimacy</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Sistine Chapel</p>
<p>
Architect: Baccio Pontelli, Giovanni de Dolci</p>
<p>
Date: 1473-1481</p>
<p>
Location: Apolistic Palace, Vatican City</p>
<ul>
<li>
Patrons: Sixtus IV, Julius II, Leo X, Paul III</li>
<li>
Chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who restored it between 1477 and 1480</li>
<li>
Team of Renaissance painters created frescoes 1482</li>
<li>
Ceiling by Michaelangelo 1508-1512</li>
<li>
Tapestries by Raphael 1514-1517</li>
<li>
Last Judgement by Michelangelo 1534-1541</li>
<li>
Illustrates Book of Genesis, Creation of Man, Noah as Protagonist</li>
<li>
Rafael designs the tapestries which are hung on the side walls during important events</li>
<li>
The Last Judgement, unlike the ceiling frescoes, has no architectural element drawn in, no pictorial space, instead, it is organized in bands, which are similar to the side wall organization</li>
<li>
Fresco was later "censored" by other artists, and during restoration, kept some of the figures as partially clothed to expose the early censorship</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiori</p>
<p>
Architect Building: Arnolfo di Cambio</p>
<p>
Architect Dome: Brunelleschi</p>
<p>
Date Basilica: 1294-96</p>
<p>
Date Dome: 1417-1436</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)</p>
<ul>
<li>
Centrally defining for the identity of the city, guilds mostly in charge of building.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
Dome reflects shape of baptestry dome</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
Dome: Stone and timber beams clamped together together wth iron - compression rings to support dome</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
Polychrome marble (green, white, pink)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
19th Century gothic revival style</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
Built from the nave moving towards the dome. Dome left unfinished until competition came up with a way to complete it.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Baptistry S. Maria del Fiori</p>
<p>
Architect: Unknown</p>
<p>
Date: 1059-1128</p>
<p>
Location:Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)</p>
<p>
Pope: Nicholas II</p>
<ul>
<li>
Baptistry to St. John. Images of his life depicted in the dome - venetian mosaic ceiling.</li>
<li>
Octagonal plan. Stands in front of the church</li>
<li>
Florentine Romanesque style</li>
<li>
Known for its 3 sets of bronze doors</li>
<li>
South: by Andrea Pisano</li>
<li>
North and East: Lorenzo Ghiberti - won after competition in which he and Brunilleschi tied and were told to make the doors together, but B quit.</li>
<li>
Doors took G 21 years to complete</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Bell Tower S. Maria del Fiori (Campanile)</p>
<p>
Architect: Giotto</p>
<p>
Date: 1334-1359</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (Cathedral Complex-Ancient city)</p>
<ul>
<li>
Giotto's only work of architecture - nominated after death of Arnolfo di Cambio</li>
<li>
more dense at teh base, more perforated as it rises (following structrual need)</li>
<li>
Separate from basilica</li>
<li>
similarity of materials with the cathedral (polychrome marble)</li>
<li>
Giotto died before its completion, his design was exicuted by Pisano, then Francesco Talenti</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Basilica della Santa Maria del Santo Spirito</p>
<p>
Architect: Filippo Brunelleschi</p>
<p>
Date: 1444-1487 (15th c)</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (Oltrarno quarter)</p>
<ul>
<li>
Brunelleschi began design in 1428, but died in 1446. the work was carried out by Antonio Manetti, Giovanni da Gaiole, and Salvi d'Andrea</li>
<li>
his ideas were thworted - not carried out to original intention like S. Lorenzo</li>
<li>
Originally intended to have chappels form ALL outer walls of the church, including the front, allowing for 4 entry doors (unusual as there would be no central entrance)</li>
<li>
Chapels intended to be expressed on exterior - in realty plastered over to create smooth exterior walls</li>
<li>
Facade never created with 4 entrys, instead one central and 2 flanking.</li>
<li>
Facade never built and so left blank.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Piazza della Signoria</p>
<p>
Architect:</p>
<p>
Date:</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (Ancient City) - near Ponte Vecchio, Piazza del Duomo</p>
<ul>
<li>
L-shaped piazza in front of the Palazzo Vecchio and Uffizi</li>
<li>
Political Hub</li>
<li>
Bound on one side by the Loggia dei Lanzi (1376-82) - a place to disply art, and which served as a covered meeting gallery.</li>
<li>
location for the original David statue</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Vecchio</p>
<p>
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio</p>
<p>
Date: 1299</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (Ancient City) - On Piazza Signoria</p>
<ul>
<li>
Romanesque stype</li>
<li>
Fortress palaca, built for better security for the Medici family.</li>
<li>
cambio construced it from the ruins of Palazzos once owned by the Uberti family.</li>
<li>
originally built as a cubic building, added to in 3 more stages. Each represented in a different architectural style</li>
<li>
Can be seen in skyline due to its large tower, one of the only few left in Florence</li>
<li>
built in solid rustic stonework, two rows of two-lighted gothic window.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Santa Croce</p>
<p>
Architect: Possibly Arnolfo di Cambio</p>
<p>
Date: 1294-1385</p>
<p>
Location: Florence, Piazza di santa Croce</p>
<ul>
<li>
Principal Franciscan church in florence. Originally built outside the ancient city wall</li>
<li>
19th centruy facade (green and white marble typical of florence)</li>
<li>
Non-vauted</li>
<li>
addition of classical aedicule along side in 19th c.</li>
<li>
2 dante memorials</li>
<li>
Known as the "temple of itlaian glories" - burrial place of famous italians (Michelangelo, Galilei, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Gentile, Rossini)</li>
<li>
Noted for 16 chapels - many decorated by Giotto frescoes (subject: st. John and St. Francis.</li>
<li>
Cappella dei Pazzi - a chapter house, was added in 1470s by Brunelleschi</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Piazzi Chapel</p>
<p>
Architect: Filippo Brunelleschi</p>
<p>
Date: 1443-1460s</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (iin 1st cloister of Basilica di S. Croce)</p>
<ul>
<li>
Comissioned by the Pazzi family</li>
<li>
Main purpose of the building was as a chapter house</li>
<li>
Chapel behind the altar where family members were to be burried,</li>
<li>
Plan based on a square and circle. Plan references the Old Sacrasty. The rectangular plan component has been widened to fit predetermined wall boundaries.</li>
<li>
Common use of grey (pietra serena/serene stoen) and white stone.</li>
<li>
Between the pilasters in the transept there are tall, blank, round headed panels ans above them roundels, a common renaissance motif.</li>
<li>
Umbrella dome.</li>
<li>
Circular inset decoration (Apostles) wtih glazed blue tile featured (artist:Luca della Robbia)</li>
<li>
Figures of the Evangelists may be by Donatello.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name:<span>Piazza and Church Santissima Annunziata</span></p>
<p>
<span>Architect: Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (originally given comission) and Leon Battista Alberti</span></p>
<p>
Date: 1419</p>
<p>
Location: Florence - near duomo</p>
<ul>
<li>
Church of the Servite order (order also responsibe for the logia opposite the hospitol)</li>
<li>
Space given baroque dressing in the 17th c, basic scheme of a domed circular space flanked by altar niches is still visible.</li>
<li>
Facade loggia designed to respond to the logia of the Ospedale degli Innocenti (later 3rd piazza facade would complete the composition</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Ospedale degli Innocenti</p>
<p>
Architect: Brunalleschi</p>
<p>
Date: 1419</p>
<p>
Location: Florence - near duomo</p>
<ul>
<li>
Originally a childrens orphanage, and hospital</li>
<li>
Example of Italian early renaissance style</li>
<li>
features a 9 bay logia, slender columns of the composit order, with 9 semi-circular springing arches</li>
<li>
revival of the classical style.</li>
<li>
upper tier intended ot have pilasters to continue the vertical line fo the columns</li>
<li>
Bllue glazed teracotta roundels, depectign babies, designed by Andrea della Robbia</li>
<li>
column is a representation fo dimensions and proportions of the building.</li>
<li>
Hospital loggia was common in his time, he did not invent the concept, but reinterpreted its representation.</li>
<li>
does not featuer inpost blocks, (rep of entablature) but these would be added to his later designs for other building.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Galleria dell'Academia</p>
<p>
Architect:</p>
<p>
Date: founded 1784 (david added 1873)</p>
<p>
Location: Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Contains Michelangelo's David and unfinished statues (prisoners, statues from tomb of pope Julius II and statue fo Satin Matthew, and a Pieta). (michelangelo's museum)</li>
<li>
Room built ot house the David statue</li>
<li>
contains a large qualtity fo plaster casts such as art students woudl study from</li>
<li>
david unique in the representation of him as an older figure in contemplation before slaying galioth.</li>
<li>
figure moved inside (from piazza delle signoria) to protect from the elements.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Pialazzo Medici Riccardo</p>
<p>
Architect: Michelozzo di Bartolomeo</p>
<p>
Date: 1444-1484</p>
<p>
Location: Florence (near S. Lorenzo)</p>
<ul>
<li>
Renaissance palace</li>
<li>
Stone masonry with rusticated ashlar</li>
<li>
tripartite elevation used expresses the renaissance spirit of rationality, order, and classicism on human scale</li>
<li>
division emphasizes horizontality of building and decreasing story height</li>
<li>
transition from ground to top of rustication to delicately refoned stonework.</li>
<li>
open colonnaded court in center of palazzo (roman peristyle)</li>
<li>
expanded by Ricardi family</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Church San Lorenzo</p>
<p>
Architect: Brunelleschi</p>
<p>
Date: 1420</p>
<p>
Location: Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Unfinished facade - michelangelo asked to design a space for the burrial of 2 unexpeced deaths in the medici family. (old sacrasty)</li>
<li>
principa burial place for Medici family</li>
<li>
Attempt to create proportional relationship between nave and side aisles</li>
<li>
relationship between columns and pilasters</li>
<li>
modified frieze to connect column to arch</li>
<li>
use of italian pietre serena</li>
<li>
Barrel Vaulted side chapels</li>
<li>
Impost blocks on colonnades. Mimics brunalleschi's idea of classical</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Laurentian LIbrary</p>
<p>
Architect: Michelangelo</p>
<p>
Date: 1524</p>
<p>
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Complex</p>
<ul>
<li>
built in a cloister of S. Lorenzo</li>
<li>
Built to house the Medid family manuscript collection</li>
<li>
Example of Mannerist archtieture</li>
<li>
Michelangelp left florence 1534, project comlpeted according to his design under Tribolo, Basari, and Ammannati.</li>
<li>
intricate wooden ceiling in the reading room, pattern reflecred in the floor.</li>
<li>
Vestibule - use of pietra serena. columns set into wall and "held up" on curvaing base pieces set into the wall.</li>
<li>
Features monumental stair. Central with 2 falnking sides. cetnral steps are curved, the bottom 3 being oval like in form</li>
<li>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Old Sacrasty</p>
<p>
Architect: Brunelleschi</p>
<p>
Date: 1419 (21?) - 1440</p>
<p>
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Basilica off the left transcept</p>
<ul>
<li>
Built mostly before the rest of the church, which was built aroudn the sacristy.</li>
<li>
Square plan, with smaller sq for altar with dome - umbrella dome, 12 vaults</li>
<li>
pendentives and pilasters articulate wall and extress structure. entablature divides teh sapce into 2 equal horizontal zones</li>
<li>
entered from a corner</li>
<li>
use fo pietre serena</li>
<li>
in center of the room, under the large marble table, is teh tomb of the patron Medici and his wife (the to first Medici)</li>
<li>
Tomb of this son and grandson are in the space (not the two who died unexpectedly)</li>
<li>
Actaully functioned as a scaristy at one point</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: New Sacristy</p>
<p>
Architect: Michelangelo</p>
<p>
Date: 1521</p>
<p>
Location: Florence - S. Lorenzo Basilica off right transcept</p>
<ul>
<li>
For medici brothers (the one who dies unexpectedly, also the project that interrupted the facade construction)</li>
<li>
Similar format to Old sacristy, square plan with circular dome.</li>
<li>
Pantheon dome.</li>
<li>
decorated niches set into wall featuring statue of dead medici.</li>
<li>
features statues fo day, night, dawn and dush on tomb monuments</li>
<li>
entered from the corner. located on teh</li>
<li>
when michelangelo left florence work was completed by Vassari and Ammanati</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Ponte Vecchio</p>
<p>
Architect: Giorgio Vasari</p>
<p>
Date: 1345</p>
<p>
Location: Arno River, Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge</li>
<li>
Rebuilt in 1345 after destroyed in floods in 1117 and 1333</li>
<li>
Oldest bridge crossing the Arno River in Florence</li>
<li>
Once inhabited by food shops, now known for jewelry shops</li>
<li>
The bridge spans the Arno at its narrowest point where it is believed that a bridge was first built in Roman times- 105' wide and longest span is 98'</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Piazzale degli Uffizi</p>
<p>
Architect: Vasari</p>
<p>
Date: 1560</p>
<p>
Location: Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
houses the Medici Collections</li>
<li>
designed for Cosimo I de' Medici - offices for Florentine magistrates</li>
<li>
two wings scaling the sides and connected on one end</li>
<li>
emphasized the perspective length by the matching facades' continuous roof cornices</li>
<li>
Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti took over and construction ended in 1581</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Santa Felicita</p>
<p>
Date: 1736-1739</p>
<p>
Architect: Ferdinando Ruggieri</p>
<p>
Location: Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Vasari corridor passes through the facade- Medici walkway</li>
<li>
semi-spherical dome</li>
<li>
square plan</li>
<li>
The Brunelleschian sacristy dates from 1473 and was under the patronage of the Canigiani family</li>
<li>
The Barbadori (or Capponi) chapel (1419-1423) was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Piazza/Palazzo Pitti</p>
<p>
Architect: Fancelli</p>
<p>
Date: 1458</p>
<p>
Location: Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Renaissance Palace</li>
<li>
Luca Pitti was an ambitious Florentine banker</li>
<li>
Rusticated roman style</li>
<li>
Connected to the Palazzo Vecchio by Vasari corridor</li>
<li>
Boboli gardens behind palazzo</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Name: S.Pietro </p>
<p>
Architects: Bramante, Raphael, Sangallo, Michelangelo, Ligorio, Vignola, Giacomo della Porta, Carlo Maderno</p>
<p>
Site location:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Cemetery – had to be built outside city walls</li>
<li>
Circus of Nero – outside of town for vast and bigger area 64AD – Saint Peter martyred in circus and buried at the site.</li>
</ul>
<p>
4th century</p>
<ul>
<li>
Basilica built over tomb during reign of Constantine</li>
<li>
New church is build, and old St. Peters left untouched, stood side by side for many years until demolition needed. </li>
</ul>
<p>
1650s</p>
<ul>
<li>
Counter Reformation occurs and st. Peters is completed the the 17th century.</li>
</ul>
<p>
other info</p>
<ul>
<li>
Foot print of present church shifted toward the west (down) from the old church so that the dome is located in the center of the church rather than the end.</li>
<li>
building is broad in respect to its height &
</li></ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
1450 : Rossellino's Plan comissioned by pope Nicolas V</p>
<ul>
<li>
Beginning of large transformation to Vatican City mainly because of safety. it was a safer area due to being located across the river, within the papal walls, and near the fortress of castle st angelo.</li>
<li>
Plan similar to old church including large longitudinal basilica with 5 aisles. a large palace complex. palazzos for cardinals along road to Castel Sant’Angelo and the obelisk</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Bramante's Plan of St Peter's</p>
<p>
Date: 1505</p>
<ul>
<li>
Central plan (superimposition of square and Greek cross w/ 4 subsidiary Greek crosses.</li>
<li>
Was documented by Parchment plan and executed by Sangallo</li>
</ul>
<p>
1506</p>
<ul>
<li>
Debate on centralizied space vs. extended Nave that was not decided until a century later.</li>
<li>
cornerstone laid</li>
</ul>
<p>
Bramante's Dome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Double shell construction</li>
<li>
Based off of the pantheon but with a lantern at top and placed over a different base.</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Plan of St peters by Bramante and Peruzzi</p>
<p>
Date: before 1513</p>
<ul>
<li>
The arms around greek cross are ambulatory</li>
</ul>
<p>
during 1513</p>
<ul>
<li>
death of Julius II and election of pope Leo X</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Rafael's Plan</p>
<p>
Date: 1514</p>
<ul>
<li>
Death of Bramante and Rafael is appointed architect</li>
<li>
Adds longitudinal basilica to plan</li>
<li>
also proposes nave extention</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Sangallo's Plan</p>
<p>
Date: 1520</p>
<ul>
<li>
Becomes architect with the help from Peruzzi</li>
<li>
plan has centralized area and longitudinal extention</li>
<li>
enlarges the 4 piers with ambulatories</li>
<li>
huge model made out of hard wood (1539 - 1546)</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Michelangelo's Plan</p>
<p>
Date: 1546-64</p>
<ul>
<li>
Redesigns base on Bramante’s plan</li>
<li>
reduces size and complexity of plan</li>
<li>
goes rid of nave</li>
<li>
the arms are eliminated and replaced by diagonal walls</li>
<li>
Makes the dome more into a hemisphere but his successer refers back to his previous drawing</li>
<li>
the dome is inspired by Florence Cathedral (double shell construction)</li>
<li>
the dome ends up being more vertical than originally designed</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Giacomo della porta's execution of the dome because Michelangelo dies.</p>
<p>
Date: 1574</p>
<ul>
<li>
He keeps the idea but makes some changes</li>
<li>
1590 the dome was complete took 22 months</li>
</ul>
<p>
Pope: Sixtus V 1580-90</p>
<ul>
<li>
obelisk pope (obelisk gets moved to its current site in 1586 by the engineer-architect Domenico Fontana</li>
<li>
orders crew to finish the dome quickly</li>
<li>
tomb of peter meanswhile protected in a shed</li>
<li>
still have by this time 2/3rd of the constantine church</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Date: 1608</p>
<p>
Pope: Paul V</p>
<p>
Architect: Carlo Maderno</p>
<ul>
<li>
Builds and extends longitudinal nave</li>
<li>
executes facade</li>
</ul>
<p>
Facade</p>
<ul>
<li>
three tiers</li>
<li>
front facing the city</li>
<li>
engraved with Pope Paul V name</li>
<li>
inscription is not as wide as the facade because the outer part of facade had not been designed yet</li>
<li>
Bernini is the architect when facade towers are built after Mederno dies</li>
</ul>
<p>
<br></br>
<a><img></img></a></p>
<p>
Bronze door</p>
<p>
Date: 1430</p>
<p>
Artist: Filaretti (sculptor from florence)</p>
<p>
<br></br>
Commissioned by Eugenius IV from Florence</p>
<ul>
<li>
Martyrdom of Peter+Paul (Peter – gets keys to heaven - crucified upside down; Paul – has sword - is beheaded...and head bounce three times.</li>
<li>
Reliefs of mythological stories; Greek-roman gods.</li>
</ul>
<p>
other</p>
<ul>
<li>
No paintings in basilica, replaced by all mosaic due to durability.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Name: Palazzo Spada</p>
<p>
Architect: Bartolomeo Baronino</p>
<p>
Modified by: Francesco Borromini</p>
<p>
Date: 1540</p>
<p>
Location: Rome -historic center</p>
<ul>
<li>
originally built for cardinal Girolamo Capodiferro</li>
<li>
in 1632, Cardinal Spada purchased it and brought in Borromini to modify it</li>
<li>
Borromini forced perspective optical illusion</li>
<li>
created axis from river, to palazzo, to fountain</li>
<li>
Mannerist stucco sculptural decor of the palazzo's front and its courtyard façades</li>
</ul>
