Rome Flashcards
Latins
came from the north across the alps into italy
etruscan
came for asia minor; settled in western Italy
what was the city of rome built on
7 hills along the tiber river
what did the hill do for the city of rome
provided protection from attack
what is the legend of how rome was founded
romulus and remus
explain the origin story of romulus and remus
abandoned by family, found by a she-wolf who raised them, blah blah blah, romulus kills remus, then becomes the founder of rome
what natural resources existed in the area settled in by the etruscans
tiber river, mediteranean sea, fertile soil, and dense forests
who were italy’s first highly civilized people
the etruscans
did the etruscans have an army
yes. soldiers learned much about weapons and battle techniques from the greeks
what one thing did the etruscans have that nobody else did
shoes
were the etruscans monotheistic or polytheistic
polytheistic
how did etruscans worship their gods
temples
what did the etruscans believe the universe was divided into
provinces; each one ruled by a different god
which direction did the etruscans build their cities and temples
facing the east
who fought at an etruscan noblemen’s banquet
two slaves; the one who died went to the noble spirits underworld
did the etruscans believe in life after death
yes they thought it was more important then life on earth
what was outside of every etruscan city
necropolis, cemetery
who was the first ruler of rome
Lucius Tarquinius
who was more culturally advanced, the etruscans or Latins
etruscans
who participated in the gladiatorial games
men and men
men and animals
women and dwarfs
animals and animals
how did romans found their cities
they would build the city above wherever the soothsayer said to
what was the main occupations of the latin’s
farming
what were the etruscans noted for
traders and pirates
what building style did the romans learn from the etruscans
the arch
what part of italy did the etruscans conquer
northern italy
who helped the etruscan kings rule
patricians
who overthrew the etruscan king
patricians
what did the patricians do after overthrowing the etruscan kings
made a republic
what is a consul
leader of the roman republic
what did the consul controll
army, government, and religion
how long could the consuls serve
one year
how many consuls were there
two
what was the senate
300 patrician romans, appointed by the consuls
how long did each member of the senate serve
for life
what did the senate do
passed the laws
chose the citizens who were to be voted upon by the council
who were the patricians
rich landowner in rome;; nobles; nobody else owned land
who were the plebeians
the common people of rome
soldiers, farmers, workers, traders
why did the plebeians move out of rome
in order to win more power
what powersdid the plebeians win
the right to elect tribunes to represent them
the right to have laws written down for the common people
how many tribunes were there
two
what were the tribunes
representatives of the common people
what power did the tribunes have
the power to veto, or reject laws that the plebeians did not like
who were the tribune brothers
TIberius and Gaius
what did the brothers promote
land reform for the plebeians
what happened to the brothers
they were assassinated at different times
what are coloni
small farmers (latin)
how did roman officials rule
badly
what did roman officials force
people to pay heavy taxes
what did roman officials do with the money collected from taxes
kept it for themselves to become rich
what year did tiberius die
133 BC
what year did gaius die
121 BC
who led the slave revolts
spartacus
what was the first triumvirate
the first time that three men are appointed to position of consul
who was apart of the first triumvirate
caesar, crassus, pompey
who was julius caesar
a general
what areas did caesar conquer for rome
gaul, Britain and Germany
did people like or hate casear
liked; extremely popular with his army and with the poor
what does caesar provide for the mob
bread and circus
between crassus and pompey, who dies
crassus dies
how does pompey react to crassus’ death
seizes his power and orders caesar home
what does caesar do when ordered home
goes home with his army and kills pompey
what happens after caesar kills pompey
he is made the dictator
how did caesar die
he was attacked and killed in the senate
why is caesar killed
he was feared by people
who is part of the second triumvirate
lepidus, marc antony and octavian
which member of the second triumvirate retires
lepidus
who battles for control of rome? what is the battle called
octavian and marc antony, along wit cleopatra
battle of actium
who is cleopatra
marc antony’s wife
who was gaius octavian
caesar’s adopted son
describe the battle of actium
octavian trapped antony
cleo thought their only hope was at sea
octavian surrounded their ships and inflicted heavy damage
cleo and antony left their soldiers to fight; there dreams were shattered
what happens to antony and cleo because of the loss
they both committed suicide
what name did octavian become
augustus caesar
who became the undisputed ruler of rome
octavian caesar
what title does octavian caesar get
caesar augustus
what does caesar augustus mean
majestic one
who become the emperor of rome
caesar augustus
what is the pax romana
the roman peace that lasted for 200 years
what happened to roman culture dying the pax romana
it flourished
what gave us the basis of civil law today
roman law
law of nations
foreigners
civil law
roman citizens
what part of engineering did the romans perfect
the arch
what language did romans speak
latin
where did the roman alphabet come from
adapted from the greek alphabet
what are some of the roman customs used today
birthdays
handshakes
names of the months
what did the romans mainly work with in arts and architecture
marble
where did roman art and architecture come from
largely imitated from greek origins
where did roman gods and goddesses come from
taken from greek mythology
zeus; rome
jupiter
hera; rome
juno
aphrodite; rome
venus
ares; rome
mars
aside from the gods themselves, who else was considered a god in rome
emperor
what religion was later adopted by the romans
christianity
who were some of the good emperors rome had
Octavian and Claudius
who were some of the bad emperors rome had
nero and Caligula
what happened to most of domes emperors
many were murdered or committed suicide
who splits the roman empire in two
diocletian
who is west of the roman empire ruled by
rome
where does diocletian move to
the east and rules from Byzantium
what are formed to better administer empires
diocese
who is constantine
one who became sole ruler of the empire
where does constantine rule from
byzantium
what does constantine rename byzantium
constantople
what is the edict of milan
when christianity is made legal by constantine
Theodosius
christianity became officially star religion under him
at the same time he outlawed other pagan religions, festivals, and “holidays”
how did rome fall
alaric sacks rome
the last emperor in the west is overthrown
what happened during the first punic war
rome takes the 2nd half of sicily from carthage
carthage surrenders Sardinia and Corsica as well
what happened during the second punic war
hannibal leads his army via spain and through the alps to attack rome
rome attacks carthfae to get hannibal out of rome
spain is given to rome
what happened during the third and final punic war
Rome makes a preemptive strike on Carthage in 149 BC
By 146 BC Carthage has been burned, the people enslaved, and the earth around the city is salted; cant grow anything, people would starve
Carthage is no longer a threat to Rome
what 3 islands did rome get from carthage after the first punic war
sardinia, sicily, corsica
how many elephants did hannibal take with him throughout the alps
38
what problems did hannibal face in the alps
snow; made things slippier (just made that a word deal with it)
unfriendly tribesmen tried to kill them
had to battle though cold, hinder, and exhaustion
how much of hannibals army was left when they reached italy
20,00 foot soldiers
6,000 cavalry and almost all elephants died
which tow groups joined hannibal in their fight against rome
gauls and celtics
paterfamilias in the roman family
master of the house, controlled everything
roman women rights
could not vote, leave home without male
what does pontifex maximus mean
high priest
what are some of the roman weapons
pila; roman spear
gladius; sword they wore on their hip
ranks of the roman army (in order from top to bottom)
legion cohorts legatus tribuni centurinos
different roman battle formations
acies; going into the line of battle to fight
agmen; marching in columns
orbis; square formed by soldiers
aquila; eagle, standard of the legion
what are the twelve tables
romes earliest form of written law
the roman army was organized into….
legions
