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Western Civ Midterm > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

where did the mycenaeans come from

A

grasslands of southern russia

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2
Q

What did the mycenaeans kings build on hilltops

A

fortress palaces

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3
Q

what was land divided into by the mycenaeans

A

estates

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4
Q

where did the minoan civilization arise

A

on crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea

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5
Q

what were the minoans also known as

A

cretans

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6
Q

what type of workmen were the minoans good at

A

carpententry

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7
Q

what changed did the minoans make to their ships

A

made them slimmer, 2-3 masts instead of one

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8
Q

what did the minoan people look like

A

bronze skin and long dark hair

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9
Q

what did minoan men wear

A

striped loincloths , trousers that bagged at the knees

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10
Q

what did the minoan women wear

A

full skirts and short-sleeved jackets that laced in the front

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11
Q

who built what was probably the worlds first arena

A

cretes

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12
Q

in what two ways were the minoan cities different then those of other ancient civilizations

A

at the heart of every city stood a palace rather then a temple
also, the cities didn’t have walls around them. they depended on the navy to protect them.

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13
Q

where did the minoans rise

A

crete; an island in the mediterranean sea

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14
Q

who were the rulers of crete

A

priest kings

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15
Q

what did the priest kings do

A

made the laws and represented the god on earth

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16
Q

what would the priest kings do on mount Juktas

A

they climbed to the top to look for a sign from heaven that would tell them the will of the gods. they would then go down and tell their people what the gods said to do

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17
Q

were the minoans monotheistic or polytheistic

A

polytheistic; belief in many gods

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18
Q

what is the legend that explains the fall of the minoans

A

THESUS AND THE MINOTAUR.

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19
Q

the legend of thesus and the minotaur

A

thesus was brought to be sacrificed to the minotaur, the king. thesis was put into the labyrinth , fought the minotaur with a magical sword and killed the minotaur. The minotaur died and so did the power of the minoans.

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20
Q

what did the Mycenaeans rely on to get more meat

A

hunting

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21
Q

what did the Mycenaeans begin to copy of the Minoans

A

gold and bronze work

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22
Q

what language did the myceneans use

A

they adapted to the cretan script

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23
Q

what was the biggest agriculture part pf the myceneans

A

the growth and usage of olives. It made them rich

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24
Q

were the mycenenas good or bad at ship building

A

very good

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25
Q

did the mycenenas engage in battle

A

yes they were try warriors at heart

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26
Q

what did the mycenean soldiers use in battle

A

large hid shields, fought with spears and swords

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27
Q

were the myceneans ever noticed for their skill in battle

A

yes by about 1400 BC they replaced the Minoans as the chief power of the Aegean world

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28
Q

what are the myceneans most famous for

A

their attack on troy

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29
Q

who the attack on troy over

A

a women, helen

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30
Q

what happened in the attack on troy

A

fighting, blah blah blah, wooden horse as a gift, blah blah blah, hid in the horse, blah blah blah, came out at night and killed everyone, blah blah blah, took helen, blah blah blah

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31
Q

what happened after the battle of troy

A

the myceneans declined and started having civil wars between themselves

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32
Q

who conquered the myceneans

A

the dorians

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33
Q

after the civil wars and the dorian attack what happened

A

the Aegean world entered a “dark Age”

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34
Q

who was the most important god according to the minoans

A

mother earth

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35
Q

where was sparta

A

south-central region of greece

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36
Q

who ruled sparta

A

two kings who ruled jointly

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37
Q

how much power did the kings of sparta have

A

little power, only duties were to lead the army and conduct religious services

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38
Q

who were the only people that could be spartan citizens

A

aristocrats

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39
Q

what happened with citizens over 20 in sparta

A

they ere members of the assembly

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40
Q

did the spartans like farming

A

they had little interest in it

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41
Q

what was most important to the spartans

A

their military

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42
Q

what happened to newborn babies when they were born

A

they were examined to seed if they were healthy. if they were they could live, if they weren’t they were left hillside to die

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43
Q

what did spartan boys do

A

went to live in military camps

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44
Q

what age did spartan boys go to military camps

A

age 7

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45
Q

what age were spartan men expect to marry at

A

20

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46
Q

what age could they retire from the military

A

age 60

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47
Q

rights of spartan women

A

could mix freely with men
enjoyed sports
vote
own land

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48
Q

what did spartan women tell their husband before going out to battle and what did it mean

A

“With this shield or upon it”

meant either come back victorious or come back dead

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49
Q

did the spartans like new ways of life

A

no they believed it would weaken their way of life

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50
Q

where were the athens located

A

aegean coast

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51
Q

what type of government did the athens have

A

oligarchy

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52
Q

what happened within the athens government

A

fights began to break out so they had to change it

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53
Q

who took the first attempt to change the government

A

draco

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54
Q

did draco’s try at change work? why or why not

A

no because hi punishments were to harsh

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55
Q

who was chosen after draco to change the government

A

solon

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56
Q

what are the things solon did

A

prepared a constitution
set a limit on how much land someone could own
gave landowners the right to vote in the assembly
erased all debts
freed all people who had forced into enslavement because of debt
ordered all fathers to teach their trade to their son

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57
Q

did people like solon

A

no; rich thought he went to far, poor thought he didn’t go far enough

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58
Q

who took over the government after solon

A

Peisistratus

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59
Q

after Peistratus died what happened to the government

A

it was overthrown by the spartans

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60
Q

who overthrew he spartans

A

Cleisthenes

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61
Q

what did cleisthenes put into affect for the first time in the world

A

first democracy

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62
Q

what is the council of 500

A

group of 500 people chosen at random that handled the daily business of athens

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63
Q

why did the athenians prefer choosing council members by lot rather then voting

A

election victors usually won because they had money or could speak well
and they vv believed all their citizens were smart enough to old public office

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64
Q

when did athenian males become citezins

A

age 18

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65
Q

who sent 600 ships and a well equipped army to greece

A

darius

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66
Q

what does ‘Nike’ mean

A

victory

67
Q

who won the battle of marathon

A

greeks

68
Q

did the persians return

A

yes

69
Q

who brought the persians back

A

xerces, darius’ son

70
Q

where did the greeks and persians under Xerces fight

A

Thermopylae

71
Q

who led the spartans at the battle of thermopylae

A

leonidas

72
Q

what happened to the spartan soldiers

A

all of them died including leonidas

73
Q

what did the persians do to athens

A

they burnt it all down

74
Q

what was the delian league

A

a protective group that had its headquarters in delos

75
Q

what did the delian league turn into

A

the athenian empire

76
Q

how did the peloponnesian war begin

A

the athenians attacked one of spartas allies, a group of citiy states declared war on athens

77
Q

how did the peloponnesian war end

A

athens surrendered to sparta

78
Q

how did the peloponnesian war affect athens

A

they were never quite as powerful as they had been before it

79
Q

what happened after the peloponnesian war

A

sparta ruled greece

80
Q

who overthrew spartan rule of all of greece

A

thebes

81
Q

were the thebes successful after the conquer

A

no it just made everything worse

82
Q

who conquered greece for the final time

A

Phillip II of Macedonia

83
Q

what was the center of greek life

A

city states

84
Q

where did greeks go to for advice

A

oracles

85
Q

what the official religion of greece

A

there was no official religion, but many of them shared the same beliefs

86
Q

who did the greeks worship during the golden age

A

the gods of mount olympus

87
Q

how many major gods and goddess were there

A

12

88
Q

what did the greeks do to honor their gods

A

built temples. they didn’t not enter them because they thought it was the home of the god. they worshipped outside

89
Q

what was held to honro the god zeus

A

the olympics

90
Q

how often were the olympics held

A

every four year

91
Q

where were the first olym[ic games

A

olympia, Greece

92
Q

what happened during the games with war

A

all wars were halted

93
Q

who could take part in the games

A

only men

94
Q

what did women do during the games

A

stayed at home, they weren’t even allowed to watch

95
Q

what were some olympic games

A

wrestling, boxing, running, chariot races, pancatium, pentathlon

96
Q

what did the winners of each event get

A

only the first place winner was recognized, everyone else didn’t matter. they got laurel wreaths

97
Q

what were some olympic games

A

wrestling, boxing, running, chariot races, pancatium, pentathlon

98
Q

what were some of the first greek plays

A

tragedies which dealt with death and the relationships between peoples and god

99
Q

who was theatre an honor to

A

the god dionysus

100
Q

what were some of the first greek plays

A

tragedies which dealt with death and the relationships between peoples and god

101
Q

who were three of the great writers of tragedy

A

aeschylus, sopocles, and Euripides

102
Q

after tragedies what kind of plays were there

A

comedies

103
Q

what were comedies about

A

about the present

104
Q

why did they wear masks

A

to show emotion and amplify their voices

105
Q

hat did the actors wear

A

masks

106
Q

why did they wear masks

A

to show emotion and amplify their voices

107
Q

how did people react to socrates

A

some people liked him while others were very displeased

108
Q

what were socrates beliefs

A

he believed people could discover truth if they knew how to think

109
Q

how did people react to socrates

A

some people liked him while others were very displeased

110
Q

how did socrates’ jury go

A

he was found guilty and was to be put to death

111
Q

what did plato believe in

A

like socrates, truth

112
Q

who developed a system of classification

A

Aristotle

113
Q

what did plato believe in

A

like socrates, truth

114
Q

Aphrodite

A

goddess of love and beauty

115
Q

Athena

A

daughter of zeus
goddess of wisdom
city god of athens

116
Q

Euclid

A

collected abad organized all existing knowledge about geometry

117
Q

what is the parthenon

A

temple dedicated to athena

118
Q

Euclid

A

collected abad organized all existing knowledge about geometry

119
Q

what is the parthenon

A

temple dedicated to athena

120
Q

business and trade in sparta was carried out by

A

perioeci

121
Q

who created the council of 500

A

cleisthenes

122
Q

the greek city states in ionia were located mainly along the coast of

A

the asia minor

123
Q

why did darius sent the 600 warships to do battle with the greeks at marathon

A

wanted to punish the athens for helping the ionian rebels

124
Q

where is the plain of marathon located

A

26 miles northeast of athens

125
Q

why did Xerxes send a large persian army to greece

A

to get revenge for his father darius

126
Q

who was the main leader of athens at the time of the delian league

A

pericles

127
Q

who won the battle of marathon

A

Athens

128
Q

who was the main leader of athens at the time of the delian league

A

pericles

129
Q

what were the three classes

A

spartans; descendant of dorians
helots; slaves of the state
free farmers and craftsmen; performed many tasks and labored in the fields

130
Q

how many battles did sparta lose in 500 years

A

two battles

131
Q

what were the three classes

A

spartans; descendant of dorians
helots; slaves of the state
free farmers and craftsmen; performed many tasks and labored in the fields

132
Q

how many battles did sparta lose in 500 years

A

two battles

133
Q

what was the only way a spartan women could die in honor

A

childbirth

134
Q

a spartan boy being whipped as part of his training could only fail was

A

passing out

135
Q

what age did spartan boys start training with wooden swords

A

13

136
Q

how were spartan women known for their strength

A

they would workout and would fight back against men trying to take them in marriage

137
Q

why couldn’t the boy be caught killing the helot

A

to practice stealth

138
Q

how were spartan women known for their strength

A

they would workout and would fight back against men trying to take them in marriage

139
Q

where did the greeks seek spiritual guidance or consolation of an oracle

A

delphi

140
Q

why was leonidas only allowed to select 300 soldiers

A

spartan elders did not agree with the mission totally

141
Q

the persian army consisted of

A

80% Infantry, 20% cavalry

142
Q

what was the standard fighting form of the spartan army`

A

phalanx

143
Q

how many persian soldiers were there according to a spy

A

300,000

144
Q

what was the standard fighting form of the spartan army`

A

phalanx

145
Q

what was one disadvantage of the corinth helmet

A

10 pounds, very heavy

146
Q

what was the helmet the spartans wore called

A

corinth helmet

147
Q

what was one disadvantage of the corinth helmet

A

10 pounds, very heavy

148
Q

what was the 6-9 foot sword the spartans carried called

A

dory

149
Q

how big was a dory

A

6-9 ft long

150
Q

what was the double-edged sword used by the spartans used in battle called

A

Xiphos

151
Q

who did the boats sink each other

A

used battering rams

152
Q

what was an athenian warship called

A

trireme

153
Q

who did the boats sink each other

A

used battering rams

154
Q

how was a warship powered

A

170-200 oarsmen

155
Q

who were the phocians

A

the greek force of 1000 that guarded the mountain pass

156
Q

why the did phocians leave their post

A

they wanted to protect their families

157
Q

what did xerxes order of leonidas body

A

head put on a stake

158
Q

how many spartans survived the battle of thermopylae

A

none

159
Q

where would minoan people go to worship and honor gods

A

shrines

160
Q

was was the sacred flower of the minoans

A

lily

161
Q

what was the capital of crete

A

knossos

162
Q

who was alexander the great

A

the own of phillip II

163
Q

what was the most famous city found by Alexander was

A

Alexandria, egypt

Western Civ Midterm (6 decks)

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