Ancient Greece Flashcards
where did the mycenaeans come from
grasslands of southern russia
What did the mycenaeans kings build on hilltops
fortress palaces
what was land divided into by the mycenaeans
estates
where did the minoan civilization arise
on crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea
what were the minoans also known as
cretans
what type of workmen were the minoans good at
carpententry
what changed did the minoans make to their ships
made them slimmer, 2-3 masts instead of one
what did the minoan people look like
bronze skin and long dark hair
what did minoan men wear
striped loincloths , trousers that bagged at the knees
what did the minoan women wear
full skirts and short-sleeved jackets that laced in the front
who built what was probably the worlds first arena
cretes
in what two ways were the minoan cities different then those of other ancient civilizations
at the heart of every city stood a palace rather then a temple
also, the cities didn’t have walls around them. they depended on the navy to protect them.
where did the minoans rise
crete; an island in the mediterranean sea
who were the rulers of crete
priest kings
what did the priest kings do
made the laws and represented the god on earth
what would the priest kings do on mount Juktas
they climbed to the top to look for a sign from heaven that would tell them the will of the gods. they would then go down and tell their people what the gods said to do
were the minoans monotheistic or polytheistic
polytheistic; belief in many gods
what is the legend that explains the fall of the minoans
THESUS AND THE MINOTAUR.
the legend of thesus and the minotaur
thesus was brought to be sacrificed to the minotaur, the king. thesis was put into the labyrinth , fought the minotaur with a magical sword and killed the minotaur. The minotaur died and so did the power of the minoans.
what did the Mycenaeans rely on to get more meat
hunting
what did the Mycenaeans begin to copy of the Minoans
gold and bronze work
what language did the myceneans use
they adapted to the cretan script
what was the biggest agriculture part pf the myceneans
the growth and usage of olives. It made them rich
were the mycenenas good or bad at ship building
very good
did the mycenenas engage in battle
yes they were try warriors at heart
what did the mycenean soldiers use in battle
large hid shields, fought with spears and swords
were the myceneans ever noticed for their skill in battle
yes by about 1400 BC they replaced the Minoans as the chief power of the Aegean world
what are the myceneans most famous for
their attack on troy
who the attack on troy over
a women, helen
what happened in the attack on troy
fighting, blah blah blah, wooden horse as a gift, blah blah blah, hid in the horse, blah blah blah, came out at night and killed everyone, blah blah blah, took helen, blah blah blah
what happened after the battle of troy
the myceneans declined and started having civil wars between themselves
who conquered the myceneans
the dorians
after the civil wars and the dorian attack what happened
the Aegean world entered a “dark Age”
who was the most important god according to the minoans
mother earth
where was sparta
south-central region of greece
who ruled sparta
two kings who ruled jointly
how much power did the kings of sparta have
little power, only duties were to lead the army and conduct religious services
who were the only people that could be spartan citizens
aristocrats
what happened with citizens over 20 in sparta
they ere members of the assembly
did the spartans like farming
they had little interest in it
what was most important to the spartans
their military
what happened to newborn babies when they were born
they were examined to seed if they were healthy. if they were they could live, if they weren’t they were left hillside to die
what did spartan boys do
went to live in military camps
what age did spartan boys go to military camps
age 7
what age were spartan men expect to marry at
20
what age could they retire from the military
age 60
rights of spartan women
could mix freely with men
enjoyed sports
vote
own land
what did spartan women tell their husband before going out to battle and what did it mean
“With this shield or upon it”
meant either come back victorious or come back dead
did the spartans like new ways of life
no they believed it would weaken their way of life
where were the athens located
aegean coast
what type of government did the athens have
oligarchy
what happened within the athens government
fights began to break out so they had to change it
who took the first attempt to change the government
draco
did draco’s try at change work? why or why not
no because hi punishments were to harsh
who was chosen after draco to change the government
solon
what are the things solon did
prepared a constitution
set a limit on how much land someone could own
gave landowners the right to vote in the assembly
erased all debts
freed all people who had forced into enslavement because of debt
ordered all fathers to teach their trade to their son
did people like solon
no; rich thought he went to far, poor thought he didn’t go far enough
who took over the government after solon
Peisistratus
after Peistratus died what happened to the government
it was overthrown by the spartans
who overthrew he spartans
Cleisthenes
what did cleisthenes put into affect for the first time in the world
first democracy
what is the council of 500
group of 500 people chosen at random that handled the daily business of athens
why did the athenians prefer choosing council members by lot rather then voting
election victors usually won because they had money or could speak well
and they vv believed all their citizens were smart enough to old public office
when did athenian males become citezins
age 18
who sent 600 ships and a well equipped army to greece
darius
what does ‘Nike’ mean
victory
who won the battle of marathon
greeks
did the persians return
yes
who brought the persians back
xerces, darius’ son
where did the greeks and persians under Xerces fight
Thermopylae
who led the spartans at the battle of thermopylae
leonidas
what happened to the spartan soldiers
all of them died including leonidas
what did the persians do to athens
they burnt it all down
what was the delian league
a protective group that had its headquarters in delos
what did the delian league turn into
the athenian empire
how did the peloponnesian war begin
the athenians attacked one of spartas allies, a group of citiy states declared war on athens
how did the peloponnesian war end
athens surrendered to sparta
how did the peloponnesian war affect athens
they were never quite as powerful as they had been before it
what happened after the peloponnesian war
sparta ruled greece
who overthrew spartan rule of all of greece
thebes
were the thebes successful after the conquer
no it just made everything worse
who conquered greece for the final time
Phillip II of Macedonia
what was the center of greek life
city states
where did greeks go to for advice
oracles
what the official religion of greece
there was no official religion, but many of them shared the same beliefs
who did the greeks worship during the golden age
the gods of mount olympus
how many major gods and goddess were there
12
what did the greeks do to honor their gods
built temples. they didn’t not enter them because they thought it was the home of the god. they worshipped outside
what was held to honro the god zeus
the olympics
how often were the olympics held
every four year
where were the first olym[ic games
olympia, Greece
what happened during the games with war
all wars were halted
who could take part in the games
only men
what did women do during the games
stayed at home, they weren’t even allowed to watch
what were some olympic games
wrestling, boxing, running, chariot races, pancatium, pentathlon
what did the winners of each event get
only the first place winner was recognized, everyone else didn’t matter. they got laurel wreaths
what were some olympic games
wrestling, boxing, running, chariot races, pancatium, pentathlon
what were some of the first greek plays
tragedies which dealt with death and the relationships between peoples and god
who was theatre an honor to
the god dionysus
what were some of the first greek plays
tragedies which dealt with death and the relationships between peoples and god
who were three of the great writers of tragedy
aeschylus, sopocles, and Euripides
after tragedies what kind of plays were there
comedies
what were comedies about
about the present
why did they wear masks
to show emotion and amplify their voices
hat did the actors wear
masks
why did they wear masks
to show emotion and amplify their voices
how did people react to socrates
some people liked him while others were very displeased
what were socrates beliefs
he believed people could discover truth if they knew how to think
how did people react to socrates
some people liked him while others were very displeased
how did socrates’ jury go
he was found guilty and was to be put to death
what did plato believe in
like socrates, truth
who developed a system of classification
Aristotle
what did plato believe in
like socrates, truth
Aphrodite
goddess of love and beauty
Athena
daughter of zeus
goddess of wisdom
city god of athens
Euclid
collected abad organized all existing knowledge about geometry
what is the parthenon
temple dedicated to athena
Euclid
collected abad organized all existing knowledge about geometry
what is the parthenon
temple dedicated to athena
business and trade in sparta was carried out by
perioeci
who created the council of 500
cleisthenes
the greek city states in ionia were located mainly along the coast of
the asia minor
why did darius sent the 600 warships to do battle with the greeks at marathon
wanted to punish the athens for helping the ionian rebels
where is the plain of marathon located
26 miles northeast of athens
why did Xerxes send a large persian army to greece
to get revenge for his father darius
who was the main leader of athens at the time of the delian league
pericles
who won the battle of marathon
Athens
who was the main leader of athens at the time of the delian league
pericles
what were the three classes
spartans; descendant of dorians
helots; slaves of the state
free farmers and craftsmen; performed many tasks and labored in the fields
how many battles did sparta lose in 500 years
two battles
what were the three classes
spartans; descendant of dorians
helots; slaves of the state
free farmers and craftsmen; performed many tasks and labored in the fields
how many battles did sparta lose in 500 years
two battles
what was the only way a spartan women could die in honor
childbirth
a spartan boy being whipped as part of his training could only fail was
passing out
what age did spartan boys start training with wooden swords
13
how were spartan women known for their strength
they would workout and would fight back against men trying to take them in marriage
why couldn’t the boy be caught killing the helot
to practice stealth
how were spartan women known for their strength
they would workout and would fight back against men trying to take them in marriage
where did the greeks seek spiritual guidance or consolation of an oracle
delphi
why was leonidas only allowed to select 300 soldiers
spartan elders did not agree with the mission totally
the persian army consisted of
80% Infantry, 20% cavalry
what was the standard fighting form of the spartan army`
phalanx
how many persian soldiers were there according to a spy
300,000
what was the standard fighting form of the spartan army`
phalanx
what was one disadvantage of the corinth helmet
10 pounds, very heavy
what was the helmet the spartans wore called
corinth helmet
what was one disadvantage of the corinth helmet
10 pounds, very heavy
what was the 6-9 foot sword the spartans carried called
dory
how big was a dory
6-9 ft long
what was the double-edged sword used by the spartans used in battle called
Xiphos
who did the boats sink each other
used battering rams
what was an athenian warship called
trireme
who did the boats sink each other
used battering rams
how was a warship powered
170-200 oarsmen
who were the phocians
the greek force of 1000 that guarded the mountain pass
why the did phocians leave their post
they wanted to protect their families
what did xerxes order of leonidas body
head put on a stake
how many spartans survived the battle of thermopylae
none
where would minoan people go to worship and honor gods
shrines
was was the sacred flower of the minoans
lily
what was the capital of crete
knossos
who was alexander the great
the own of phillip II
what was the most famous city found by Alexander was
Alexandria, egypt
