Romans Flashcards
How did the city of Carthage come about?
- satellite city of Phoenicians
- port city
- had influence of Mesopotamian culture
Who were the Carthaginians?
- merchants
- had duties as a citizen
What was the duty of a citizen for Carthage?
vote for a judge
What were the judges role in Carthage’s society?
-have major power when it came to law
What was the Carthage religion?
- believed in human sacrificing
- Baal was god
- Tanit was goddess
- mixed with Mesopotamian culture and gods
Who were the Etruscans?
-initially controlled Rome
What is the mythical origins of Rome?
- Romulus and Remus set to exposure by uncle.
- taken in by wolves
- Remus and Romulus go back take control from there uncle and Romulus kills Remus
Why is the Etruscan king overthrown?
- is a tyrant
- over thrown by the population
What was the affect of having having the Etruscan overthrown?
- Roman decide how to rule themselves
- dont want any kings
- make there own form of a republic to ensure there is no king
What is the paterfamilias?
-the eldest male member of the family has all the power and control over family unit
What are the two classes in romes society?
- Plebes
- Senate
How did Rome set up system for no Kings to emerge initially?
-limited terms
high officers had 1 year term max
after term had to step down
-checking each other powers
had 2 individuals for high power positionsWhat privileges did a Roman citizen receive?
- could not be tortured
- death sentences were clean and quick
- valued there own
What power did the consul have?
-could sentence Roman citizen to death
What are the fasces?
-a symbol of Roman authority used also for flags of war
What is job of a Censor in Roman society?
- document to make sure a person is a Roman citizen
- make decisions about giving senate grants or money for a project
What is the role of Quaestor?
- warrior group
- mounted soldier
- brought them in to be judges
- romes attempt to establish middle class
Why did the quaestors fail to establish middle class in Rome?
Quaestors marry into elite classes and eventually assimilate into high class
What are the Tribunes?
- Plebes office
- have 1 year max term
- appointed 10-12 individuals
What were rituals of being a Tribune?
- during year of service body is dedicated to the Gods
- harming a tribune results in immediate death
What year was Roman Greek wars?
300-275 BCE
Describe the Roman Greek campaign?
- Pyrrhus’s was greek general who won battles over Romans, at high fatality rate
- Greeks did not have large supply of soldiers
- Rome could always replenish troops
What were the War’s fought between Rome and Carthage?
Punic Wars
What did early Rome do after conquering a region?
- after conquored allowed them to be part of society
- made allies out of conquered
- in sense if Rome succeeded so did they
What occurred in the first Punic war?
265-146
- Carthage and Rome signed a peace treaty
- Hannaibls father made him vow to make Rome life long enemy
What are the law codes institued by the Romans?
-“12 tables”
What was Roman ideology about going into war?
- considered to never fight offensive war
- for them wars were alway fought in defense
- gave legitimacy of war
What occurred in the 2nd Punic War?
- 218-202 BCE
- Hannibal goes around Rome and defeats Roman Generals
- Hannibal’s plan fails conquered faction of Rome burn shelter and there food
- Scipio attacks carthage capitol
What was Hannibals plan for the 2nd Punic War?
- Go around Rome
- “liberate” conquered factions of Rome and in return provide them food and shelter
- by the time they get to Rome conquered the surroundings
Who was Scipio? What was his role in the Punic Wars?
- senator who knew how to defeat Hannibal
- he is given command of army
- goes to Carthage attack capitol
What was the name of the battle which Scipio attacks Carthage’s capitol?
- 202 BCE
- battle of Zama
What is the title given to Scipio after the war?
- Africanous
- meaning conquor of african (north)
Why does Rome evoke a 3rd war with Carthage?
- still considered them a threat
- needed them to strike first because didn’t want to break ideology of never starting wars
How does Rome evoke conflict with Carthage?
- Roman soldiers would take off uniform and terrorize cities
- make there way back to the border
- Carthage accidentally crosses border
- Senate declares war on Carthage
What is the result of the 3rd Punic War?
-Roman destroy the city brick by brick
What did Western society adopt from Roman marriage?
- exchange vows and rings
- bride wears white
- torch was tossed in crowd whoever caught received good luck
What is Roman religon based on?
- Greeks
- took Greek Gods and Goddess and gave them a Latin names
What is something new the Romans incorporated about there religion?
-the Gods and Goddess have parafamilas
What did the Roman do for there empires issue on religion?
- liberal on subject
- as long they paid there taxes could worship any religion
What catch did the Roman have with religion in there empire?
- all religions had to be ancient
- when they came across deity of different religion would relate it to Roman Gods
- if they couldn’t relate to roman Gods would bring into the Pantheon
What is an example of the Roman including new deity into Pantheon?
- Sol Invictus
- Syriann God of Sun
What are characteristics about Rome’s late Republic?
- Romes rich became ever richer
- began to enslave population
- Gladiator fighting
What would bring an end to Gladiator fighting?
Stoicism and Christianity
Who were the Brother Gracchi?
- grandchildren of Scipo Africanous
- Tiberus and Gaius
- became Plebes class because mother married below her class
- both were tribunes
What did the Brother Gracchi do in year of Trinbunes?
wanted to limit the land of the rich and thus became hated by the aristocrats
What ultimately happened to the Brother Gracchi?
- Tiberus wanted re-election for tribunal and was killed
- gaius was assassinated because wanted re-election
What was the effect of the assassination on the Brother Gracchi?
- brought in a Era of dictatorships
- assassination in politics
What is the patron and client relationship?
- patron helped client out with issues in society
- client in return would salute patron
- a way for patron to show off prestige
Who were the three generals to purchase their own army?
- Gaius Julis Caesar
- Sulla
- Marius
What was the patrons way out of law that limited land to 300 acres?
- patron would give client on “paper” land.
- client would never see the land
What was the max limit for a dicatorship in the early Roman Republic?
- 6 months
- or if the problem is resolved before then
How does Gaius Julis Caesar present himself in Rome?
- present himself in a positive light
- sponsors free game for citizen to enjoy
What was the max limit for a dicatorship in the early Roman Republic?
- 6 months
- or if the problem is resolved before then
How does Gaius Julis Caesar present himself in Rome?
- present himself in a positive light
- sponsors free game for citizen to enjoy
Who was the Greek general during the Roman Greek Campaign?
-pyrrhus
What years did the 2nd Punic war take place?
218-202 BCE
What were the names of the Brother Gracchi?
- Tiberius
- Gaius
What occurs when the senate asks Caesar to appear?
- Caesar brings his army into the city
- soon takes over Rome
What year does Caesar appoint himself dictator for life?
-46BCE
What year was Caesar assassinated?
-44 BCE
After Caesar death who controls Rome?
-In the will of Caesar, adopted Octavian “Augustus” as his son
What is the Battle of Actium?
- Ceoptara the 7th and Marc Anthony loss battle of Egypt to Rome.
- Egypt becomes taken over by Rome
How does Rome going to become an Empire?
- Julius Caesar becomes dicator
- battle of Actium
- the appointment of Octavian by Caesar
What year did Rome become a Empire?
31BCE
What is the Pax Romana?
-a 200 year span of peace in Rome
How Octavian deal with the problem of demilitarizing his army?
- retires half of his army by giving them land
- in Rome society land equaled wealth
What is a dicatorship in the early Roman Republic?
-elected into office for 6 months or if situation is fixed before
What is a dicatorship in the late Roman Republic?
-self-appointed
What occurred in 69 regarding Rome CE?
- massive revolts in city
- Zealots revolted to thrown out the Roman the same year
What was the Roman response to the Zealots revolts in 69 CE and effect on the Jewish ppl?
- Romans crushed the revolts swiftly and publicly
- crucifixion
- ended the 2nd Temple Judaism by moving out of Jerusalem
What is the 3rd century crisis?
Time in Rome of great instability due to:
- Economy
- Politics
- Barbarians
What occurred with Rome’s Economy to create instability?
-
-army demanded bonus from emperor
-emperor made coins not of full sliver to give
-merchants drove prices up
in total inflation of prices, more coins in circulation, coin value went down
What occurred with Rome’s Politics to create instability?
-never set system for person to become emperor
What were the Barbarians role in the fall of rome?
- attacked East and West of Romes Empire
- created for a constant problem
Who was Lucius Sulla?
- general
- elected dictator and consul
- face against Gaius Marius and Gaius Julius Caesar
What were the twelve tables?
-foundation of roman law
