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World History > Romans > Flashcards

Romans Flashcards

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1
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

mythical founders of Rome

raised by a wolf

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2
Q

How is Rome founded?

A

Romulus kills Remus and builds Rome
Founded in 753 BC
People called “Latins”

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3
Q

Etruscans

A
  1. Ruled Latins 616 BC
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4
Q

Etruscan influences

A
  1. first sewers and walls
  2. building techniques
  3. alphabet and number system
  4. Governing system
  5. Gladiator, chariot races
  6. Artistic influences
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5
Q

Roman Republic 509 BC (established because Romans hated Etruscan kings)

A
  1. Elected officials as governors
  2. No written constitution
  3. Division of power
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6
Q

Patricians

A 
Wealthy aristocrats 
ruling class (Senators, judges)
Can Veto
Descendants of founding fathers
Education important
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7
Q

Plebians

A

common people
can hold public office (counsels, tribunes)
can own farms and shops
can marry Patricians
right to vote
Plebian women had more freedom than Patrician women

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8
Q

Roman Forum

A

place for political talk

connection to land and farming (was noble way to make money)

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9
Q

Roman Expansion

A

Italy to Sicily then other surrounding areas

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10
Q

Punic War I

A

Carthage stronger at first

Roman built up army and won Punic War I

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11
Q

Punic War 2

A

Hannibal invades Rome with war elephants

Scipio beat back Hannibal

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12
Q

Rome as dominant force went back to Carthage and

A

Completely destroyed it.
Enslaved all people.
Banned people from living there.

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13
Q

Greek Annexation

A

Rome added Greece to empire after defeated Persia with the Greeks
Adopted many aspects of their culture (Gods, archictecture)

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14
Q

Problems in Rome

A

Very large area so difficult to control

Main problem was social class

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15
Q

Freedman

A

freed from slavery
little rights
if have documents, cannot be slaves again
can own farms and shops

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16
Q

Slaves

A

Work for wealthy
can be sold
can buy their freedom

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17
Q

Gaius Marius attempts as reform that failed

A

Opened military up to anybody
Eliminated property restrictions
Result: people with no money or property joined army

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18
Q

First Triumvirate

A

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey; Crassus died and Caesar and Pompey had civil war

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19
Q

Caesar

A
  1. popular with Plebians
  2. Senators declared him enemy of state
  3. Caesar invaded Rome
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20
Q

Powers of Dictator

A
  1. Chief executive of state
  2. leader of army
  3. ability to rule by decree
21
Q

Caesar’s social reforms

A
  1. Gave citizenship to people in provinces
  2. Land to veterans
  3. changed calendar
  4. Established a police force
22
Q

Assassination of Caesar

A

Roman senators feared he was becoming too powerful;

stabbed him 23 times on March 15th

23
Q

Second Triumvirate

A

Lepidus, Marc Antony, Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son);

another civil war; Octavian won

24
Q

Octavian became Augustus

A

careful to not call himself “king”
“Princeps” first among equals
Senate gave him title of Augustus (revered one)

25
Q

Augustus

A

Reign 40 years
Rebuilt Rome after Civil wars
Fire departments
Kept Food and water for hard times

26
Q

Pax Romana (ended in 180 AD)

A

Stable govt
strong legal system
trade and prosperity
peace

27
Q

Life for Plebeians

A

Bread and Circuses: giving food and entertainment to prevent poor from rioting

28
Q

Entertainment enjoyed by rich and poor alike

A 
1. Many took place in Coliseum:
chariot races
gladiator matches
animal battles
2. dancers, jugglers
3. public baths, steam rooms
29
Q

Paterfamilias

A

family father

30
Q

influence of Rome on modern life

A
  1. science & engineering (aqueducts, concrete)
  2. Architecture (The arch is seen in many places)
  3. Language (Latin led to Spanish, French and Italian); many English words derived from Latin
31
Q

Judaism

A

founded by Abraham
believe in one god, Yahweh
18 million worldwide
Christianity and Islam both claim to be descendants

32
Q

Birthplace of Christianity

A 
names evolved:
Promised Land
Judea
Palestine
Israel (today)
33
Q

Zealots

A

Jews who protested and revolted against Roman rule

34
Q

Jesus

A

born a Jew, raised Jewish, said he was the Messiah and that he would die for sins and rise again to restore relationship between people and Yahweh

35
Q

Appeal of Christianity

A

loving God
eternal life after death
appeal to common people

36
Q

Diaspora 130 AD

A

Jews banished from Israel by Romans

37
Q

Romans and Christians

A

Romans persecuted early Christians

38
Q

Edict of Milan 313 AD

A

made Christianity legal in Rome

39
Q

Post-Pax Romana

A

series of civil wars
19/20 roman emperors died a violent death
Barbarians attacked Rome’s borders and trade routes

40
Q

What Rome did in response to Post-Pax Romana

A

raised taxes
starting mining more money
inflation

41
Q

Diocletian attempt at Reform

A

Ruled like a dictator
doubled army (expensive and required use of paid mercenaries)
divided empire in 1/2

42
Q

Constantine attempt at Reform

A

Reunited east and west of Empire
Moved capital to Byzantium (later Constantinople)
Ended persecution of Christians in Roman Empire

43
Q

Constantinople

A

easier to defend than Rome

richer than Rome

44
Q

AFter Constantine, Rome began to decline due to:

A

factors: political, military, social and economic

45
Q

Political Problems

A

Lack of patriotism
civil wars
corrupt leadership

46
Q

social problems

A

More conflict between patricians and plebians
Disease spread
Individuals more interested in own welfare than that of empire

47
Q

Economic problems

A

Rome stopped expanding, no new wealth coming in from conquests.
started minting money which led to inflation
higher taxes needed to protect the Empire
Farm soil declined, poor harvests due to overworked farms

48
Q

Military problems

A

Most of army were paid mercenaries so were not loyal to Rome but to their leader instead
Invaded by: Huns, Saxons, Ostragoths, Visigoths etc.

49
Q

End of Rome

A

476 AD: Emperor surrendered to barbarian commander: Odoacer.

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