Romans

Question 1

Romulus and Remus

Answer 1

mythical founders of Rome

raised by a wolf

Question 2

How is Rome founded?

Answer 2

Romulus kills Remus and builds Rome
Founded in 753 BC
People called “Latins”

Question 3

Etruscans

Answer 3

1. Ruled Latins 616 BC

Question 4

Etruscan influences

Answer 4

1. first sewers and walls
2. building techniques
3. alphabet and number system
4. Governing system
5. Gladiator, chariot races
6. Artistic influences

Question 5

Roman Republic 509 BC (established because Romans hated Etruscan kings)

Answer 5

1. Elected officials as governors
2. No written constitution
3. Division of power

Question 6

Patricians

Answer 6

Wealthy aristocrats 
ruling class (Senators, judges)
Can Veto
Descendants of founding fathers
Education important

Question 7

Plebians

Answer 7

common people
can hold public office (counsels, tribunes)
can own farms and shops
can marry Patricians
right to vote
Plebian women had more freedom than Patrician women

Question 8

Roman Forum

Answer 8

place for political talk

connection to land and farming (was noble way to make money)

Question 9

Roman Expansion

Answer 9

Italy to Sicily then other surrounding areas

Question 10

Punic War I

Answer 10

Carthage stronger at first

Roman built up army and won Punic War I

Question 11

Punic War 2

Answer 11

Hannibal invades Rome with war elephants

Scipio beat back Hannibal

Question 12

Rome as dominant force went back to Carthage and

Answer 12

Completely destroyed it.
Enslaved all people.
Banned people from living there.

Question 13

Greek Annexation

Answer 13

Rome added Greece to empire after defeated Persia with the Greeks
Adopted many aspects of their culture (Gods, archictecture)

Question 14

Problems in Rome

Answer 14

Very large area so difficult to control

Main problem was social class

Question 15

Freedman

Answer 15

freed from slavery
little rights
if have documents, cannot be slaves again
can own farms and shops

Question 16

Slaves

Answer 16

Work for wealthy
can be sold
can buy their freedom

Question 17

Gaius Marius attempts as reform that failed

Answer 17

Opened military up to anybody
Eliminated property restrictions
Result: people with no money or property joined army

Question 18

First Triumvirate

Answer 18

Caesar, Crassus and Pompey; Crassus died and Caesar and Pompey had civil war

Question 19

Caesar

Answer 19

1. popular with Plebians
2. Senators declared him enemy of state
3. Caesar invaded Rome

Question 20

Powers of Dictator

Answer 20

1. Chief executive of state
2. leader of army
3. ability to rule by decree

Question 21

Caesar’s social reforms

Answer 21

1. Gave citizenship to people in provinces
2. Land to veterans
3. changed calendar
4. Established a police force

Question 22

Assassination of Caesar

Answer 22

Roman senators feared he was becoming too powerful;

stabbed him 23 times on March 15th

Question 23

Second Triumvirate

Answer 23

Lepidus, Marc Antony, Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son);

another civil war; Octavian won

Question 24

Octavian became Augustus

Answer 24

careful to not call himself “king”
“Princeps” first among equals
Senate gave him title of Augustus (revered one)

Question 25

Augustus

Answer 25

Reign 40 years Rebuilt Rome after Civil wars Fire departments Kept Food and water for hard times

Question 26

Pax Romana (ended in 180 AD)

Answer 26

Stable govt strong legal system trade and prosperity peace

Question 27

Life for Plebeians

Answer 27

Bread and Circuses: giving food and entertainment to prevent poor from rioting

Question 28

Entertainment enjoyed by rich and poor alike

Answer 28

``` 1. Many took place in Coliseum: chariot races gladiator matches animal battles 2. dancers, jugglers 3. public baths, steam rooms ```

Question 29

Paterfamilias

Answer 29

family father

Question 30

influence of Rome on modern life

Answer 30

1. science & engineering (aqueducts, concrete) 2. Architecture (The arch is seen in many places) 3. Language (Latin led to Spanish, French and Italian); many English words derived from Latin

Question 31

Judaism

Answer 31

founded by Abraham believe in one god, Yahweh 18 million worldwide Christianity and Islam both claim to be descendants

Question 32

Birthplace of Christianity

Answer 32

``` names evolved: Promised Land Judea Palestine Israel (today) ```

Question 33

Zealots

Answer 33

Jews who protested and revolted against Roman rule

Question 34

Jesus

Answer 34

born a Jew, raised Jewish, said he was the Messiah and that he would die for sins and rise again to restore relationship between people and Yahweh

Question 35

Appeal of Christianity

Answer 35

loving God eternal life after death appeal to common people

Question 36

Diaspora 130 AD

Answer 36

Jews banished from Israel by Romans

Question 37

Romans and Christians

Answer 37

Romans persecuted early Christians

Question 38

Edict of Milan 313 AD

Answer 38

made Christianity legal in Rome

Question 39

Post-Pax Romana

Answer 39

series of civil wars 19/20 roman emperors died a violent death Barbarians attacked Rome's borders and trade routes

Question 40

What Rome did in response to Post-Pax Romana

Answer 40

raised taxes starting mining more money inflation

Question 41

Diocletian attempt at Reform

Answer 41

Ruled like a dictator doubled army (expensive and required use of paid mercenaries) divided empire in 1/2

Question 42

Constantine attempt at Reform

Answer 42

Reunited east and west of Empire Moved capital to Byzantium (later Constantinople) Ended persecution of Christians in Roman Empire

Question 43

Constantinople

Answer 43

easier to defend than Rome | richer than Rome

Question 44

AFter Constantine, Rome began to decline due to:

Answer 44

factors: political, military, social and economic

Question 45

Political Problems

Answer 45

Lack of patriotism civil wars corrupt leadership

Question 46

social problems

Answer 46

More conflict between patricians and plebians Disease spread Individuals more interested in own welfare than that of empire

Question 47

Economic problems

Answer 47

Rome stopped expanding, no new wealth coming in from conquests. started minting money which led to inflation higher taxes needed to protect the Empire Farm soil declined, poor harvests due to overworked farms

Question 48

Military problems

Answer 48

Most of army were paid mercenaries so were not loyal to Rome but to their leader instead Invaded by: Huns, Saxons, Ostragoths, Visigoths etc.

Question 49

End of Rome

Answer 49

476 AD: Emperor surrendered to barbarian commander: Odoacer.