Romanesque Europe Flashcards
Reliquary statue of Sainte Foy (Saint Faith)
This enthroned image containing the skull of Saint Faith is one of the most lavish Romanesque reliquaries. The head is an ancient Roman helmet, and the cameos are donations from pilgrims.
made to look like a parade float
Important Elements of Romanesque
Architecture
Ambulatory major innovation
Radiating chapels
Portal and its parts
Nave, transept, and side aisles
Cruciform (overall shape of building)
Crossing square
Bays (3D modules of nave and side aisles)
Gallery/ tribune level
Clerestory (usually small in Romanesque churches)
Barrel vault (the norm for Romanesque naves)
Groin vault (less common, used more in side aisles)
Cloister (element in a monastic abbey church)
Interior of Saint-Étienne
The timber-roofed abbey church at Vignory reveals a kinship with the three-story naves of Ottonian churches (Fig. 11-22, right), which also feature an alternate-support system of piers and columns.
Plan of Saint-Étienne
The innovative plan of the east end of the abbey church of Saint Stephen features an ambulatory around the choir and three semicircular radiating chapels opening onto it for the display of relics.
Aerial view of Saint-Sernin
cross shape
major pilgrimage center
Pilgrimages were a major economic catalyst for the art and architecture of the Romanesque period. The clergy vied with one another to provide magnificent settings for the display of holy relics.
Plan of Saint-Sernin
Pilgrimage churches” have longer and wider naves and aisles, as well as transepts and ambulatories with radiating chapels for viewing relics.
Interior of Saint-Sernin
Saint-Sernin’s stone vaults help retard fire. The groin-vaulted tribune galleries also buttress the nave’s barrel vault, whose transverse arches continue the lines of the compound piers.
Bernardus Gelduinus, Christ in Majesty, relief in the ambulatory of Saint-Sernin
One of the earliest series of large Romanesque figural stone reliefs decorated the pilgrimage church of Saint-Sernin. The models were probably metal or ivory Carolingian and Ottonian book covers.
Restored cutaway view of the third abbey church (“Cluny III)
largest church in Europe for 500 years
was destroyed, only parts of it exist
symbol of power and prestige of the cluniac order
a place worthy for angels to dwell if they lived on earth
Romanesque portal
Lintel
Tympanum
Trumeau
jams
archivoles
South portal of Saint-Pierre
Jesus as the last judge
reminds you you will one day be judged by him
Old Testament prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), right side of the trumeau
This animated prophet displays the scroll recounting his vision. His position below the apparition of Christ as last judge is in keeping with the tradition of pairing Old and New Testament themes.
Gislebertus, Last Judgment, west tympanum of Saint-Lazare
Angels lifting people into Heaven
bottom=people going to be judged
guys with shells are pilgrims
angels weighing a scale to good side, demons weighing it to bad side
side of pure and side of dammed
Virgin and Child (Morgan Madonna)
functional
not a sculpture, a reliquary
The veneration of relics created a demand for small-scale images of the holy family and saints to be placed on chapel altars. This painted wood statuette depicts the Virgin as the “throne of wisdom.”
Cathedral complex (looking northeast), Pisa
Pisa’s cathedral more closely resembles Early Christian basilicas than structurally more experimental French and German Romanesque churches. Separate bell towers and baptisteries are Italian features.
construction stopped twice bc of wars (took 200 years)
leaning tower is leaning bc of bad soil, and wa smade of marble
