Romanesque Architecture Flashcards
T OT F
1. ROMANESQUE IS A DIRECT MODIFICATION OF ROMAN ARKI W CRISTIAN ARKI
2. IN ROMANESQU, THEY STARTED BUILDING CASTLES
- FALSE -ROMAN ARKI W BYZANTINE ART
- TRUE
TOR F
1. ROMANESQUE IS “IN ROMAN STYLE” & “DECENDED FROM BYANTINE
2. IT IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY CHRISTIANITY
- FALSE -“DECENDED FROM ROMAN”
- TRUE
IT ORIGINATED FROM WESTERN EUROPE (MENTION 6) + 3 FROM NORTH
W= FRANCE, GERMANY, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ITALY, BRITIDH ISLES
N=DENMAR, SWEDEN, NORWAY
GENERAL INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE ON NORTH AND SOUTH
N(DULL) = PITCHED ROOFS & LARGE WINDOWS
S(SUNNY)= SMALL WINDOWS
PEOPLE WERE GIVEN LAND & PROTECTION BY HIGHER RANK AND WORKS AND FIGHT FOR THEM IN RETURN (SLAVERY)
FEUDALISM
ARKI WAS REGARDED AS _
SACRED SCIENCE
T OR F
ARCHITECTURE WAS THE CHIEF OF SOURCE OOF EDUCATION
FALSE
CHRISTIANITY
GENERAL FEATURES OF ROMANESQUE
PLAN, ROOF, WALL, OPENING, COLUMNS AND CAPITAL, MOULDINGS, ORNAMENTS
CHAPEL THAT HOUSES THE RELICTCS OF A SAINT BENEATH THE ALTAR OR UNDERGROUND
CRYPT
T OR F
1. SMALL CHURCHES HAD NO AISLES WHILE LARGE CHURCES IS FLANKED BY AILES AND DIVIDED BY ARCADES
2. THE PLAN IS BASIC ROMAN BASILICA AND OFTEN HAD TRANSEPTS
BOTH TRUE
9 PARTS OF THE CHURCH
NARTHEX, AISLE, NAVE, TRANSEPT, APSE, AMBULATORY, ABSIDIAL/ABSIDIOLES, TRIFORUM, CLERESTORY WINDOWS
T OR F
1. TOWERS HAS STEEP ROOFS W GABLE AISLES
2. HAS A TOWER ABOVE THE CROSSING OF NAVE AND TRANSEPT SOMETIMES SQUARE OR CIRCULAR
- TRUE
- FALSE - SQUARE OR OCTAGONAL
2 KINDS OF VAULT
QUADRIPARLITE
SEXPARTITE
VAULT THAT IS DIVIDED INTO 4 SECTIONS OF EQUAL BAYS
QUADRIPARTITE
VAULT THAT IS 4 SECTIONED W ADDITIONAL ARCH RIB DIVIDING INTO SIX UNEQUAL PARTS
SEXPARTITE
used to bridge the corners of a square to form a base for an octagonal tower
SQUINCH
_ are in the form of projecting blocks of stone
CORBELS
A ROW OF CORBELS
CORBEL TABLE
Decorative blind arcade
LOMBARD BAND
T OR F
1. Walls are thick due to the weight of ceiling vaults
2. Windows are small to keep the strength of the walls which made the interior dark.
both true
T OR F
Doors are deeply recessed and flanked by a series of receding columns and arches known as columns.
FALSE - ORDERS
8 PARTS OF OPENINGS
SPANDREL, VOSSIOR, ARCHIVOLTS, TYMPANUM, JAMP, TRUMEAU, COLONNETTE, JAMB PEDESTAL
small ornamental column
COLONNETTE
DOOR FRAME/AMBA SA PINTO
JAMB
DIVIDES DOOR/ ENTRANCES
TRUMEAU
SEMICIRCULAR DECORATIVE SCULPTURE
TYMPANUM
SERIES OF RECEDING ARCHES
VOSSIOR
DESIGN/ORNAMENTAL MOLDING ATTCHED TO THE VOSSIOR
ARCHIVOLT
T OR F
1. Windows are narrow and small and made to look stronger by the columns, arches, and moldings that surround them
2. A rose or an abaca window above the principal door
both false
1. larger
2. wheel
T OR F
Columns has cushion capital with dosseret block with variations of scallop, foliate (corinthian-based) and figurative
True
13 kinds of moldings
star, dogtooth, nail head, chevron, beak head, billet, ball flower, tablet flower, embattled sandwich, bezantee/pellet, lozenge, cable, double cone
graphic art (elaboration of capital letters and marginal decoration that are visual tools to translate the bible for those who cannot read
illuminated manuscript
4 building types
church, monastery, castles, fortified towns
towns that are protected by walls called fortifications
fortified towns
group of buildings designed as a self-sufficient community for the monks
monastic village
establishment for monks or nuns
monastery
building that served several purposes like military, administrative and domestic
castles
4 examples of monastery
Sanaque monastery, monasterio de san pedro de roda, fontaney monastery, clunny abbey
series of Christian society/holy wars of knights and with the main goal of restoring Christian control of the Holy Land from Muslim
Crusades
FULL NAME OF KNIGHT TEMPLAR
POOR FELLOW SOLDIERS OF CHRIST AND THE TEMPLE OF SOLOMON
T or F
THE FIRST EVER CRUSADE BEGAN 1095 WHEN CHRISTIANS RESPONDED TO POPE TOMAS II TO GO WAR AGAINST PALESTINE
FALSE -POPE URBAN II
2 PRINCIPAL MILITARY ORDERS
KNIGHT TEMPLAR & KNIGHTS HOSPITALLER
FULL NAME OF KNIGHT HOSPITALLER
KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM
knights that protect the Holy Places in Palestine & to safeguard the pilgrim routes to Jerusalem.
knight templar
most skilled fighting units of the Crusades
knight templar
under Augustinian rule to protect and care for sick or injured
knight hospitaller
T OR F
1. There was no single blueprint for castles, everyone was unique.
2.Castles served a range of purposes, the most important of which were military, administrative, and domestic.
both true
4 types of medieval castles
MOTTE AND BAILEY CASTLE
RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE
SHELL KEEP CASTLE
CONCENTRIC CASTLE
MOUND OF EARTH
MOTTE
Courtyardsurrounded by a wooden fence and a ditch
BAILEY
Surrounded by thick walls and moat, this castle offered a better form of defense
RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE
This is the first type of a European castle
MOTTE AND BAILEY
The main feature of this is the stone keep with entrance on the second level to make it difficult for the invaders to enter
RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE
a circular shell of stone wall surrounded by a moat with various buildings inside it and the buildings is attached to the wall
Shell Keep Castle
Surrounded by a moat, it has double concentric walls in different levels and with features allowing archers to launch arrows
The Concentric Castle
This combination of the shell keep and the rectangular keep offered the best protection
The Concentric Castle
fortified tower or stronghold of a castle/LAST LINE OF DEFENSE
Keep or donjon
enclosing defensive walls of a castle
Curtain walls
FOUNDATION OF CURTAIN WALLS
defensive earthen bank surrounding a castle
Rampart
bold sloping thickness at the foot of walls to protect them from undermining
Talus/Glacis
this allows lookouts to see invaders easily (circle>square)
towers
gatehouse that contains series of defense/traps
fortified gateway that has series of defense mechanism for direct assault
Barbican
holes placed on the ceiling of barbican where they can drop hot oil to protect the castle entrances
murder holes
wooden bridge leading to a gateway, capable of being raised or lowered
drawbridge
deep and wide trench filled with water
moat
parapets allowing floor openings, through which molten lead ,boiling oil or stones are dropped down below.
Machicolations
regular gaps in the parapet
Crenellations (battlements)
upstanding parts of an embattled parapet between two crenels.
Merlons
narrow openings set inside walls and towers enabling defenders to launch arrows.
arrow loops
courtyard-like area of ground enclosed by a stone wall where the domestic buildings of the castle were
Bailey or ward
earthen mound to elevate the keep
motte
clockwise steps going up and has uneven steps
Spiral staircase
castle’s toilet
garderobe
a deep and wide trench filled with water around the rampart of a fortified castle
moat
18 features of a castle
keep or donjon, curtain wall, rampart, glacis or talus, drawbridge, tower, barbican, crenellations, machicolations, murder holes, motte, moat, bailey or ward, spiral staircase, merlons, arrow loops, garderobe
3 types of castles in holy land
PILGRIM FORT, COASTAL FORTIFICATIONS, STRATEGIC INLAND CASTLES
sited to secure the routes from coastal ports to Jerusalem.
Pilgrim Forts
OCCUPIED BY SOLDIERS AND TROOPS ONLY
FORT
OCCUPIED BY BOTH TROOPS THEN BECAME RESIDENTIAL
CASTLE
-Its most magnificent feature is the 28 m. deep ditch
-It used to protect the Crusaders from Arab invasions.
-named after Salah Ed-Din
- it is under pilgrim fort type of castle
SAONE CASTLE (Sahyoun or Salah Ed-Din)
type of castle that secures sea links
COASTAL FORTIFICATIONS
The best surviving example of a coastal crusader castle
CHATEAU DE MER
the only castle never taken by siege
CHASTEL PELERIN (Pilgrims’ Castle)
protect the coast roads, safeguard mountain passes and provide visual command of the approach routes
Strategic Inland Castles
by the Knights Hospitaller was the biggest of all the Crusaders’ castles
MARGAT (Qalaat al-Marqab) CASTLE
-was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller.
-It is the best preserved medieval military castle & the most wholly admirable castle in the world.
-The most remarkable feature of the inner castle is the colossal glacis or talus
KRAK DES CHEVALIERS
strategic inland castle that is more imposing than beautiful
kerak castle
4 example castles off british isles
windsor, tower of london, leads, san gimignano
used as royal residemce, zoo, royal mint, museum
tower of london
largest inhabited castle in the world
oldest in continuous occupation
windsor
owned by 6 medieval queens
900yrs old
leads castle
using towers to show off social status
unique preservation of 14 towers
san gimignano
first to get influenced
has dwarf galleries
italy
famous for being a group of bldgs. (including tower of pisa)
and from what country is this
central italy
2 examples from north italy
san zeno, cremona
country which the innovation is ribbed vault
north
diff between cremona and san zeno
cremona has rose window while san zeno has wheel window
diff between islamic and norman? and fom what country are these
SOUTH ITALY
islamic (muslim)- colorful
norman (english)- has coopled columns
2 example of south italy and what are they known for
cefulu-houses the best mosaic in the nave called christ as pantokrator (lord of universe)
plazzo dei hormanni (royal palace)- oldest royal residence
has 3 apse plan(trefoil form) and walls are relieved w pilaster
germany
2 example of germany and differences
speyer-keeps 4 kings and 4 emperor coffins and is the largest romanesque church in germany
maria laoch- used local lava
country that have fully developed chevet/absidioles and uses coen stones
france
2 sample of france and what itis known for
st. madeline-largest romanesque church in france
le fuy- uses diff colors of lava
country that has long naves and uses chevron
british isles
1 sample of british isles and description
southwell cathedral-used square ape instead of semicircular
-has no circular
country that uses horseshoe arch
spain and portugal
2samples of spain and portuagl and meaning
san miguel de fromista- on the wayof st james
san miguel de escalada- first and largest mozarabic churches
2 samples from sandinivia
lund-best example of romansque arki in mazarabic countries
husaby- only romansque arki in sweden of that kind
purely made out of wood and tall
stave church
vertical logs=
horizontal logs=
palisade
lafting
3 samples of stave church and diff
hedal-norway’s largest
burgund-well preserved that uses PAR to preserve wood
urness- oldest stave church in norway
