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HOA1_FINALS > Romanesque Architecture > Flashcards

Romanesque Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

T OT F
1. ROMANESQUE IS A DIRECT MODIFICATION OF ROMAN ARKI W CRISTIAN ARKI
2. IN ROMANESQU, THEY STARTED BUILDING CASTLES

A
  1. FALSE -ROMAN ARKI W BYZANTINE ART
  2. TRUE
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2
Q

TOR F
1. ROMANESQUE IS “IN ROMAN STYLE” & “DECENDED FROM BYANTINE
2. IT IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY CHRISTIANITY

A
  1. FALSE -“DECENDED FROM ROMAN”
  2. TRUE
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3
Q

IT ORIGINATED FROM WESTERN EUROPE (MENTION 6) + 3 FROM NORTH

A

W= FRANCE, GERMANY, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ITALY, BRITIDH ISLES
N=DENMAR, SWEDEN, NORWAY

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4
Q

GENERAL INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE ON NORTH AND SOUTH

A

N(DULL) = PITCHED ROOFS & LARGE WINDOWS
S(SUNNY)= SMALL WINDOWS

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5
Q

PEOPLE WERE GIVEN LAND & PROTECTION BY HIGHER RANK AND WORKS AND FIGHT FOR THEM IN RETURN (SLAVERY)

A

FEUDALISM

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6
Q

ARKI WAS REGARDED AS _

A

SACRED SCIENCE

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7
Q

T OR F
ARCHITECTURE WAS THE CHIEF OF SOURCE OOF EDUCATION

A

FALSE
CHRISTIANITY

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8
Q

GENERAL FEATURES OF ROMANESQUE

A

PLAN, ROOF, WALL, OPENING, COLUMNS AND CAPITAL, MOULDINGS, ORNAMENTS

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9
Q

CHAPEL THAT HOUSES THE RELICTCS OF A SAINT BENEATH THE ALTAR OR UNDERGROUND

A

CRYPT

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10
Q

T OR F
1. SMALL CHURCHES HAD NO AISLES WHILE LARGE CHURCES IS FLANKED BY AILES AND DIVIDED BY ARCADES
2. THE PLAN IS BASIC ROMAN BASILICA AND OFTEN HAD TRANSEPTS

A

BOTH TRUE

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11
Q

9 PARTS OF THE CHURCH

A

NARTHEX, AISLE, NAVE, TRANSEPT, APSE, AMBULATORY, ABSIDIAL/ABSIDIOLES, TRIFORUM, CLERESTORY WINDOWS

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12
Q

T OR F
1. TOWERS HAS STEEP ROOFS W GABLE AISLES
2. HAS A TOWER ABOVE THE CROSSING OF NAVE AND TRANSEPT SOMETIMES SQUARE OR CIRCULAR

A
  1. TRUE
  2. FALSE - SQUARE OR OCTAGONAL
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13
Q

2 KINDS OF VAULT

A

QUADRIPARLITE
SEXPARTITE

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14
Q

VAULT THAT IS DIVIDED INTO 4 SECTIONS OF EQUAL BAYS

A

QUADRIPARTITE

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15
Q

VAULT THAT IS 4 SECTIONED W ADDITIONAL ARCH RIB DIVIDING INTO SIX UNEQUAL PARTS

A

SEXPARTITE

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16
Q

used to bridge the corners of a square to form a base for an octagonal tower

A

SQUINCH

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17
Q

_ are in the form of projecting blocks of stone

A

CORBELS

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18
Q

A ROW OF CORBELS

A

CORBEL TABLE

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19
Q

Decorative blind arcade

A

LOMBARD BAND

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20
Q

T OR F
1. Walls are thick due to the weight of ceiling vaults
2. Windows are small to keep the strength of the walls which made the interior dark.

A

both true

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21
Q

T OR F
Doors are deeply recessed and flanked by a series of receding columns and arches known as columns.

A

FALSE - ORDERS

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22
Q

8 PARTS OF OPENINGS

A

SPANDREL, VOSSIOR, ARCHIVOLTS, TYMPANUM, JAMP, TRUMEAU, COLONNETTE, JAMB PEDESTAL

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23
Q

small ornamental column

A

COLONNETTE

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24
Q

DOOR FRAME/AMBA SA PINTO

A

JAMB

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25
Q

DIVIDES DOOR/ ENTRANCES

A

TRUMEAU

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26
Q

SEMICIRCULAR DECORATIVE SCULPTURE

A

TYMPANUM

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27
Q

SERIES OF RECEDING ARCHES

A

VOSSIOR

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28
Q

DESIGN/ORNAMENTAL MOLDING ATTCHED TO THE VOSSIOR

A

ARCHIVOLT

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28
Q

T OR F
1. Windows are narrow and small and made to look stronger by the columns, arches, and moldings that surround them
2. A rose or an abaca window above the principal door

A

both false
1. larger
2. wheel

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29
Q

T OR F
Columns has cushion capital with dosseret block with variations of scallop, foliate (corinthian-based) and figurative

A

True

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30
Q

13 kinds of moldings

A

star, dogtooth, nail head, chevron, beak head, billet, ball flower, tablet flower, embattled sandwich, bezantee/pellet, lozenge, cable, double cone

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31
Q

graphic art (elaboration of capital letters and marginal decoration that are visual tools to translate the bible for those who cannot read

A

illuminated manuscript

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32
Q

4 building types

A

church, monastery, castles, fortified towns

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33
Q

towns that are protected by walls called fortifications

A

fortified towns

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34
Q

group of buildings designed as a self-sufficient community for the monks

A

monastic village

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35
Q

establishment for monks or nuns

A

monastery

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36
Q

building that served several purposes like military, administrative and domestic

A

castles

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37
Q

4 examples of monastery

A

Sanaque monastery, monasterio de san pedro de roda, fontaney monastery, clunny abbey

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38
Q

series of Christian society/holy wars of knights and with the main goal of restoring Christian control of the Holy Land from Muslim

A

Crusades

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39
Q

FULL NAME OF KNIGHT TEMPLAR

A

POOR FELLOW SOLDIERS OF CHRIST AND THE TEMPLE OF SOLOMON

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39
Q

T or F
THE FIRST EVER CRUSADE BEGAN 1095 WHEN CHRISTIANS RESPONDED TO POPE TOMAS II TO GO WAR AGAINST PALESTINE

A

FALSE -POPE URBAN II

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40
Q

2 PRINCIPAL MILITARY ORDERS

A

KNIGHT TEMPLAR & KNIGHTS HOSPITALLER

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41
Q

FULL NAME OF KNIGHT HOSPITALLER

A

KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM

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42
Q

knights that protect the Holy Places in Palestine & to safeguard the pilgrim routes to Jerusalem.

A

knight templar

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43
Q

most skilled fighting units of the Crusades

A

knight templar

44
Q

under Augustinian rule to protect and care for sick or injured

A

knight hospitaller

45
Q

T OR F
1. There was no single blueprint for castles, everyone was unique.
2.Castles served a range of purposes, the most important of which were military, administrative, and domestic.

A

both true

46
Q

4 types of medieval castles

A

MOTTE AND BAILEY CASTLE
RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE
SHELL KEEP CASTLE
CONCENTRIC CASTLE

47
Q

MOUND OF EARTH

A

MOTTE

48
Q

Courtyardsurrounded by a wooden fence and a ditch

A

BAILEY

49
Q

Surrounded by thick walls and moat, this castle offered a better form of defense

A

RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE

50
Q

This is the first type of a European castle

A

MOTTE AND BAILEY

51
Q

The main feature of this is the stone keep with entrance on the second level to make it difficult for the invaders to enter

A

RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE

51
Q

a circular shell of stone wall surrounded by a moat with various buildings inside it and the buildings is attached to the wall

A

Shell Keep Castle

52
Q

Surrounded by a moat, it has double concentric walls in different levels and with features allowing archers to launch arrows

A

The Concentric Castle

53
Q

This combination of the shell keep and the rectangular keep offered the best protection

A

The Concentric Castle

54
Q

fortified tower or stronghold of a castle/LAST LINE OF DEFENSE

A

Keep or donjon

55
Q

enclosing defensive walls of a castle

A

Curtain walls

56
Q

FOUNDATION OF CURTAIN WALLS
defensive earthen bank surrounding a castle

A

Rampart

57
Q

bold sloping thickness at the foot of walls to protect them from undermining

A

Talus/Glacis

58
Q

this allows lookouts to see invaders easily (circle>square)

A

towers

59
Q

gatehouse that contains series of defense/traps
fortified gateway that has series of defense mechanism for direct assault

A

Barbican

60
Q

holes placed on the ceiling of barbican where they can drop hot oil to protect the castle entrances

A

murder holes

61
Q

wooden bridge leading to a gateway, capable of being raised or lowered

A

drawbridge

62
Q

deep and wide trench filled with water

A

moat

63
Q

parapets allowing floor openings, through which molten lead ,boiling oil or stones are dropped down below.

A

Machicolations

64
Q

regular gaps in the parapet

A

Crenellations (battlements)

65
Q

upstanding parts of an embattled parapet between two crenels.

A

Merlons

66
Q

narrow openings set inside walls and towers enabling defenders to launch arrows.

A

arrow loops

67
Q

courtyard-like area of ground enclosed by a stone wall where the domestic buildings of the castle were

A

Bailey or ward

68
Q

earthen mound to elevate the keep

A

motte

69
Q

clockwise steps going up and has uneven steps

A

Spiral staircase

70
Q

castle’s toilet

A

garderobe

71
Q

a deep and wide trench filled with water around the rampart of a fortified castle

A

moat

72
Q

18 features of a castle

A

keep or donjon, curtain wall, rampart, glacis or talus, drawbridge, tower, barbican, crenellations, machicolations, murder holes, motte, moat, bailey or ward, spiral staircase, merlons, arrow loops, garderobe

73
Q

3 types of castles in holy land

A

PILGRIM FORT, COASTAL FORTIFICATIONS, STRATEGIC INLAND CASTLES

74
Q

sited to secure the routes from coastal ports to Jerusalem.

A

Pilgrim Forts

75
Q

OCCUPIED BY SOLDIERS AND TROOPS ONLY

A

FORT

76
Q

OCCUPIED BY BOTH TROOPS THEN BECAME RESIDENTIAL

A

CASTLE

77
Q

-Its most magnificent feature is the 28 m. deep ditch
-It used to protect the Crusaders from Arab invasions.
-named after Salah Ed-Din
- it is under pilgrim fort type of castle

A

SAONE CASTLE (Sahyoun or Salah Ed-Din)

78
Q

type of castle that secures sea links

A

COASTAL FORTIFICATIONS

79
Q

The best surviving example of a coastal crusader castle

A

CHATEAU DE MER

80
Q

the only castle never taken by siege

A

CHASTEL PELERIN (Pilgrims’ Castle)

81
Q

protect the coast roads, safeguard mountain passes and provide visual command of the approach routes

A

Strategic Inland Castles

82
Q

by the Knights Hospitaller was the biggest of all the Crusaders’ castles

A

MARGAT (Qalaat al-Marqab) CASTLE

83
Q

-was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller.
-It is the best preserved medieval military castle & the most wholly admirable castle in the world.
-The most remarkable feature of the inner castle is the colossal glacis or talus

A

KRAK DES CHEVALIERS

84
Q

strategic inland castle that is more imposing than beautiful

A

kerak castle

85
Q

4 example castles off british isles

A

windsor, tower of london, leads, san gimignano

86
Q

used as royal residemce, zoo, royal mint, museum

A

tower of london

86
Q

largest inhabited castle in the world
oldest in continuous occupation

A

windsor

86
Q

owned by 6 medieval queens
900yrs old

A

leads castle

87
Q

using towers to show off social status
unique preservation of 14 towers

A

san gimignano

87
Q

first to get influenced
has dwarf galleries

A

italy

88
Q

famous for being a group of bldgs. (including tower of pisa)
and from what country is this

A

central italy

89
Q

2 examples from north italy

A

san zeno, cremona

90
Q

country which the innovation is ribbed vault

A

north

91
Q

diff between cremona and san zeno

A

cremona has rose window while san zeno has wheel window

92
Q

diff between islamic and norman? and fom what country are these

A

SOUTH ITALY

islamic (muslim)- colorful
norman (english)- has coopled columns

93
Q

2 example of south italy and what are they known for

A

cefulu-houses the best mosaic in the nave called christ as pantokrator (lord of universe)
plazzo dei hormanni (royal palace)- oldest royal residence

94
Q

has 3 apse plan(trefoil form) and walls are relieved w pilaster

A

germany

95
Q

2 example of germany and differences

A

speyer-keeps 4 kings and 4 emperor coffins and is the largest romanesque church in germany
maria laoch- used local lava

96
Q

country that have fully developed chevet/absidioles and uses coen stones

A

france

97
Q

2 sample of france and what itis known for

A

st. madeline-largest romanesque church in france
le fuy- uses diff colors of lava

98
Q

country that has long naves and uses chevron

A

british isles

99
Q

1 sample of british isles and description

A

southwell cathedral-used square ape instead of semicircular
-has no circular

100
Q

country that uses horseshoe arch

A

spain and portugal

101
Q

2samples of spain and portuagl and meaning

A

san miguel de fromista- on the wayof st james
san miguel de escalada- first and largest mozarabic churches

102
Q

2 samples from sandinivia

A

lund-best example of romansque arki in mazarabic countries
husaby- only romansque arki in sweden of that kind

103
Q

purely made out of wood and tall

A

stave church

104
Q

vertical logs=
horizontal logs=

A

palisade
lafting

105
Q

3 samples of stave church and diff

A

hedal-norway’s largest
burgund-well preserved that uses PAR to preserve wood
urness- oldest stave church in norway

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