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ARTH1001 > Roman Imperial > Flashcards

Roman Imperial Flashcards

1
Q

Romans reverse the trend of ______.

A

Increasing naturalism.

They revert back to idealism and abstraction.

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2
Q
A

Julius Caesar

100 BCE - 44 BCE

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3
Q
A

Augustus

Started a line of emperial authority - Emporors who wanted to assert their authority through art and public commissions. Art became propoganda.

His family claimed to be decendants of Venus.

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4
Q
A

Augustus as Pontifex Maximus

-Pax Romana

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5
Q

Pax Romana

A

The Golden Age ushered in by Augustus.
200 years of peace.

  • Reversion to high classical Greece, towards idealism.
  • Augustus had many public works commissioned, which made for a strong city system. Bridges, roads, temples, theaters, baths, aqueducts.
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6
Q
A

Augustus of Primaporta

  • Scepter and armor to reference military power
  • Marble
  • Presence of Cupid

References High Classical Greek style Doryphoros

  • Contropossto
  • Support on weight bearing leg
  • Proportions as with Polykleitos 1:7
  • Lack of emotion
  • Understandable from one direction
  • Height of physical shape

(Portrait of Augustus as general)

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7
Q
A

Breastplate of Augustus of Primaporta

  • Shows victory over Parthians
  • Romans Gods and Godesses celebrating victory
  • Propaganda
  • Communicates to viewer that Rome is secure, expanding, and victorious due to Augustus
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8
Q
A

Livia

  • Augustus’ wife
  • Greek high classical style
  • Youthful, idealized
  • Consistent throughout life
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9
Q
A

Augustus wearing the Civic Crown

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10
Q

Augustus and Livia want to appear _____.

A

Youthful

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11
Q

Similarities between Augustus and current politicians

A
  • Family men
  • Youthful, active
  • invested in military
  • Education
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12
Q
A

Ara Pacis Augustae
Augustus’ Monument dedicated to Peace
Marble
Referenced buildings from acropolys
Lower zone ornamentation of acanthus vines
Figural reliefs on upper zone

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13
Q
A

Tellus Panel
Arapacis Altar

Allegorical - stands for other concepts
Woman represents mother earth, or some sort of caretaker
Babies represent Roman people
Allegory of sea/wind, allegory of land

References Greek

  • Solid, classic Greek bodies
  • Phidian style drapery
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14
Q
A

Procession of the imperial family
from frieze of the Ara Pacis Augustae

  • Meant to be endearing
  • Realistic portrayal
  • Individualized portraits
  • Some in flattened relief
  • Feet pop out - an attempt to bridge gap between relief and viewer
  • Propaganda - marriage, family, children are good
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15
Q
A

Pont du Gard
Sponsored by Augustus
- True arch construction
- Could supply 100 gallons of water per citizen per day
- Brought water from 30 miles away, in mountains
Nimes, France

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16
Q

True Arch Construction

A

No mortar

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17
Q
A

Roman arch diagram

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18
Q
A

Restored view of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (Palestrina, Italy)

  • Built using concrete
  • Veneer of stucco and limestone
  • Tholos / Round temple (fortune telling, priest and priestess space)

Romans no longer have to adhere to limitations of landscape. They can dominate and manipulate landscape.

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19
Q

Roman Concrete Construction

A
  • Inexpensive
  • Easy to manipulate
  • Sand, water, mortar
  • Often covered with veneer of more expensive stone

Advantages:

  1. New freedom in manipulating space
  2. Can now abandon post and lintel structures
  3. Leads to development of vaults
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20
Q

Voussoirs

A
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21
Q
22
Q

(Blue section)

23
Q
24
Q

(E)

25
(H)
Span
26
Vaulting - Can span greater distances than post and lintel - Architects now think of space manipulation more than just mass
27
Barrel Vault Arches in a row
28
Arcade
29
Groin arch vault - Two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles. - Groin is points of intersection along top. - Four bays provides more space manipulation opportunities, more light
30
31
Discovery of Nero's Dining room
32
Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) Rome, Italy Commissioned by Vespasian Nero's pool was reclaimed as a public facility for entertainment and every once in a while for Christian persecution. - Barrel vaults - Three levels of arcades topped by attic level. - Facade of engaged greek columns for decorative/ornament purpose. - Doric, ionic, and corintian columns. - Awning structure. - Seats 50,000 spectators comfortably - Hallways below stage - Sometimes flooded for sea battle reenactments
33
Engaged column
Non-load bearing Decorative/ornament
34
Verism
- Brutal realism - Realistic representation
35
Imagines
- Death masks Romans kept likenesses (imagines) of their ancestors in wooden cupboards in their homes and paraded them at the funerals of prominent relatives.
36
Portrait of Vespasian Marble - Demostrates Verism - Flavian dynasty
37
Portrait bust of a Flavian woman Rome, Italy Marble - hair executed using a **drill** which demostrates sculptural innovation - verism - Patricion / aristrocratic class
38
Springer
39
fenestrated sequence of groin vaults
40
Portrait bust of Hadrian - came to throne when he was middle aged - first emperor to publicly wear a beard
41
Pantheon Rome - Post and lintel - Inscription means commissioned by Magrippa - Perfect sphere. Plan and section based on circle - Thick walls - Massive piers attached to wall, in order to support dome - Utilized varying strengths of mortar for dome so is it stronger at the base and lighter at the top - Used pumice stone for its lightweight qualities - Coffers along interior of dome in order to lighten weight of dome and for decoration - Coffers were blue with cast bronze rosettes - **Oculus** - sloped floor for drainage purposes
42
Oculus
43
Portraits of the four tetrarchs from Constantinople - In an attempt to restore order to the Roman Empire, **Diocletian**, whose troops proclaimed him emperor, decided to share power with his potential rivals. In 293 he established the tetrarchy (rule by four) This piece is propaganda to show a close knit group. Constantine **LATE EMPIRE**
44
LATE EMPIRE
``` LATE EMPIRE (193–337 CE) The Late Empire began with the Severan dynasty and included the so-called soldier emperors of the third century, the tetrarchs, and Constantine, the first Christian emperor. ```
45
Battle at the Milivian Bridge
Battle at the Milivian Bridge: Constantine defeats Maxentius
46
Chi Rho emblem - Came to Constantine in a dream the night before the battle at the milivian bridge - Christ's initials - Constantine became Christian
47
Edict of Milan
Turning point where Christians are no longer persecuted, by Constantine
48
Colossus of Constantine Basilica Nova - Wooden Torso with broze veneer - Marble areas - 8' tall head - To assert his power
49
Basilica Nova - Groin vaults and barrel vaults - Nave - Clerestory level - Viewers do not see Constantine statue right away
50
Constantine
LATE EMPIRE - Restored one-man rule - Legalizes Christianity - Moves seat of empire to Constantinople. This moved power east. - Baptised before he dies
51
**Old** Saint Peter’s Rome, Italy - Influenced by Paegan buildings of old Rome - Utilized Basilican plan with naves, apses - Latin cross plan Remains of St. Peter kept there. 3000-4000 occupants Supports traffic flow Wide central nave flanked by aisles, arches supported by columns, **nave arcade**. Wooden timber roof

ARTH1001 (25 decks)

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