Baroque Flashcards
Martin Luther
Protestant reformation - called out Catholic church for corrupted practices and excesses of luxury.
Baroque
Means “mis-shapen”
- Theatrical, dramatic art that provokes viewer to feel engaged
- Tenebrism
- Ordinary people / plebian
Carvaggio
Rich golds, blues, reds
Tenebroso
Diagonal compositions
Caracci
Idealic
Tranquil
1600-1700
Bernini
Mostly sculpting
Epitomized baroque
interior of the Cornaro Chapel
The extasy of St. Teresa
Bernini
Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Italy
contains sculpted portraits of Cornaro family
St. Teresa and an angel
Bernini able to communicate multiple textures through marble.
Rays of bronze
Yellow window above featured sculpture illuminates and creates drama, aura
The passionate drama of Bernini’s depiction of Saint Teresa correlated with the ideas of Ignatius Loyola, who argued that the re-creation of spiritual experience would do much to increase devotion and piety.
Loves of the Gods
Annibale Carracci
ceiling frescoes in the gallery
Palazzo Farnese
Rome, Italy
Done for occasion of a marriage.
Reminiscent of muscular bodies of Mchelangelo’s Sistine ceiling.
Mimic easle paintings - quadro riportato.
Quadro Riportato
A ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels that resem- ble framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault.
Annibale Carracci
Loves of the Gods
ceiling frescoes in the gallery Palazzo Farnese
Rome, Italy
Medusa
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Italian
Crazy guy
Bitter
Caravaggio
The Entombment
from the Chapel of Pietro Vittrice, Santa Maria
Vallicella, Rome, Italy
Oil on canvas
Altarpiece - viewer becomes positioned in grave.
Complicated composition organized on a diagonal
Blackened background - high contrast - tenebrism
Part of the counter-reformation movement
Creates element of real humanity, which encourages connection and empathy in viewer.
Caravaggio Boy
Popular androgynous portrait commissions
Tenebroso / tenebrism
When shadows create intensity, contrast, and depth.
Artemesia Gentileschi self portrait
Caravaggisti - Follower of Caravaggio
Protofeminist
Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith Slaying Holofernes
Influenced by Caravaggio / Caravagistic
Tenebrism
Shows strong, powerful women
Treaty of Westphalia
Granted religious freedom in Western Europe
Lead to restructuring of political systems
Separation of Catholicism and Protestantism is reflected in art
Peter Paul Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens
Elevation of the Cross
from Saint Walburga, Antwerp
Catholic scene
Rubens believed that classical influences should be studies, but the appearance of stone should be avoided
Twisting, muscular bodies reminiscent to Sistine ceiling
Diagonal similar to Caravaggio
Peter Paul Rubens
Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles
Medici descendant, married into Royalty
Commissioned to glorify her arrival in France
Rubenesque
suggestive of the painter Rubens or his works; especially : plump or rounded usually in a pleasing or attractive way
Annibale Carracci
Flight into Egypt
Oil on canvas
Idealistic
Renaissance style
Atmospheric perspective
Zig-zags of the landscape
Venetian Renaissance landscape artists depicted Architectural structures that captured idealized antiquity and the idyllic life
Counter reformation
Sense that art is meant to teach and create effect through emotional connection.
Hope to restore Catholicism.
Caravaggio
Conversion of Saint Paul
Saul is on his way to collect Christian prisoners, blinded by light of God, and is converted.
Viewer invited in due to composition, lighting, similar class to viewer.
Secondary figure defines primary figure.
Caravaggio
Death of Mary
Theatrical scene with curtain
Mary has dirty feet, bloated, encourages connection to viewer because she is a real person.
Bernini
David
Torsion / winding up
Tense moment
May be self-portrait of Bernini
Gezellig
Dutch: togetherness, coziness, friendship.
Frans Hals self-portrait
captures spontenaity
painterly
Painterly
marked by an openness of form which is not linear and in which sharp outlines are lacking
artistic
Archers of Saint Hadrian
Frans Hals
Dutch
Individualized portraits
Momentary glimpse into meeting - candid poses and composition
Some diagonals in staffs and clusters
Deep golds and dark greys/blacks influenced by Italian Gothic
The Women Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem
Frans Hals
Dutch
Diagonal in alignment of hands and heads
Painterly
Characteristics of Dutch Baroque
- Composition - dynamic through diagonals, twists and turns, artfully arranged
- Contemporary costumes that are dramatic with sense of movement, texture, and saturation
- Element of time - a momentary, almost photographic spontenaity
Rembrandt
Dutch
Printmaker, painter, engraver
Introspective
Captured moods and emotion
Honest regarding his anxiety and poverty
Dutch power
Middle class became very wealthy because of the amount of importing and exporting
Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar
Willem Kalf
Dutch materialism
Infatuism with exotic items
Textiles, mediteranean fruit, imported goods
Tulips
Brought from Turkey
Rare tulip bulbs cultivated and were expensive
Early watercolor catologues would show tulips with prices
Rachel Ruysch
Flower Still Life
Flowers on a diagonal
Dramatic arrangement - combination of liveliness within flowers
Momentary - some flowers at peak of bloom, about to die
Vanitas
Insects, shells representing life
Vanitas
Include references to death.
Christ with the Sick around him, Receining the Children
Rembrandt
Engraved
Shows Christ preaching, which speaks to protestant desire to focus on teachings and good deeds instead of idolatry.
Benefits of printmaking
- Cheaper to own than commissioned paintings or sculptures
- Multiple prints from one plate, allowing more circulation and profit
- Due to price point, easier for more classes to obtain
Idolatry
worship of idols
Protestant reformation wanted to discourage idolatry and encourage good work and study.
Countries and imagery
Italiy and Spain - Catholic
Flanders (under spanish rule) - Catholic
Dutch - Protestant
output is often secular
religous imagry intended to be objects of devotion and thus, meant to be taken home instead of left int he church, as with Rembrandt engravings
