Roman Expansion in the Mediterranean - New Lands & Ideas Flashcards

1
Q

Early and Middle Republic

A
Regions in Italy:
Etruria
Latium
Campania
Gauls
Carthaginians in Sicily, Corsica, etc.
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2
Q

Imperium

A

Power to command

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3
Q

Provincia

A

Territory governed as admit unit of a country

When Rome added a territory, they made everyone Roman citizens and made it a Roman state - ager Romanus
-Easier to control people and they became obligated to help in the army

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4
Q

Military Ethos Characteristics

A

Gloria, Nobulias, virtus, auctoritas

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5
Q

Support of the gods in victory

A

Triumph routes, temples, vows for victories

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6
Q

Determination

A

Wanted to exploit areas

-Greatest expansion in the 2nd C BC with conquer of Mesopotamia

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7
Q

Latium

A

Shared languages, society, values, traditions, etc.

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8
Q

Latin League

A

Created for protection against enemies under leadership of Alba Longa

-Shared military power

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9
Q

Confederation

A

Roman states conquered get full citizenship

Alliances helped repel attacks from people like Alpennines

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10
Q

Latin War 340-338 BC

A
  • Renewal of Latin League treaty in 358 triggered the Latin War
  • Increase of Rome’s arrogance
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11
Q

Gallic Fear

A

Ex. Sabines

Gallic Sack of 390 BC scared the romans

-Built Servian wall around rome in 4th C BC, repelled Hannibal

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12
Q

Tarentum, South Italy

A

281 BC city of Tarentum fell out with Rome and faced attack

Pyrrhus was encouraged to help the Tarentines by the oracle of Delphi

  • He borrowed a lot of elephants, army, etc. and won but at a huge extent
  • a.k.a. Pyrrhic Victory
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13
Q

1st Punic War

A

Most important power in the West is Carthage

  • Rome wanted to exploit their resources (Corn)
  • Showing Rome was an empire without limits
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14
Q

Hannibal Wars

A

Carthaginian General (Hanniclar’s son is Hannibal)

218 BC Hannibal captured Saguntum to expand Carthage, but Rome wanted it

  • They fought, but Hannibal surprised them in Italy and he won several victories
  • Rome wouldn’t give up, 205 BC they won at the Battle of Zama

Rome controlled Spain = Rome’s finest hour

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15
Q

Macedonian Wars (1 & 2 & 3)

A

War with King Philip V of Macedon

Philip allied with Greece, Rome got frustrated and lack of success

Peace of Phoenice

2nd war: 200 BC, Romans gained rights to Philips empire

3rd war: marked growth of Roman impatience, King Attalus II of Pergamum declared support for Rome

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16
Q

Impact of Greece on Rome

A

Generals like Hellenistic Kings
Route of Triumph
Refined rich culture
Rome became centre of Mediterranean

Marcus Cato saw this as corruption of Roman values

17
Q

Spoils of the empire

A

Rome developed a system to exploit empires

  • Taxation
  • Corrupt courts
  • No compensation for foreigners