Roman Expansion in the Mediterranean - New Lands & Ideas Flashcards
Early and Middle Republic
Regions in Italy: Etruria Latium Campania Gauls Carthaginians in Sicily, Corsica, etc.
Imperium
Power to command
Provincia
Territory governed as admit unit of a country
When Rome added a territory, they made everyone Roman citizens and made it a Roman state - ager Romanus
-Easier to control people and they became obligated to help in the army
Military Ethos Characteristics
Gloria, Nobulias, virtus, auctoritas
Support of the gods in victory
Triumph routes, temples, vows for victories
Determination
Wanted to exploit areas
-Greatest expansion in the 2nd C BC with conquer of Mesopotamia
Latium
Shared languages, society, values, traditions, etc.
Latin League
Created for protection against enemies under leadership of Alba Longa
-Shared military power
Confederation
Roman states conquered get full citizenship
Alliances helped repel attacks from people like Alpennines
Latin War 340-338 BC
- Renewal of Latin League treaty in 358 triggered the Latin War
- Increase of Rome’s arrogance
Gallic Fear
Ex. Sabines
Gallic Sack of 390 BC scared the romans
-Built Servian wall around rome in 4th C BC, repelled Hannibal
Tarentum, South Italy
281 BC city of Tarentum fell out with Rome and faced attack
Pyrrhus was encouraged to help the Tarentines by the oracle of Delphi
- He borrowed a lot of elephants, army, etc. and won but at a huge extent
- a.k.a. Pyrrhic Victory
1st Punic War
Most important power in the West is Carthage
- Rome wanted to exploit their resources (Corn)
- Showing Rome was an empire without limits
Hannibal Wars
Carthaginian General (Hanniclar’s son is Hannibal)
218 BC Hannibal captured Saguntum to expand Carthage, but Rome wanted it
- They fought, but Hannibal surprised them in Italy and he won several victories
- Rome wouldn’t give up, 205 BC they won at the Battle of Zama
Rome controlled Spain = Rome’s finest hour
Macedonian Wars (1 & 2 & 3)
War with King Philip V of Macedon
Philip allied with Greece, Rome got frustrated and lack of success
Peace of Phoenice
2nd war: 200 BC, Romans gained rights to Philips empire
3rd war: marked growth of Roman impatience, King Attalus II of Pergamum declared support for Rome