Roman Empires Part II

Question 1

Bread & Circuses and Glaitorial Contests

Answer 1

Bloody entertainment used to keep the veteran poor occupied and happy. based on the idea that if you keep people fed and entertained, they wont rebel

Question 2

Tiberius Gracci

Answer 2

Elder gracci bro was a tribune (plebeian official) wanted to give land to poor was lilled along w/300 followers by senate was passed after his death

Question 3

Gaius Gracci

Answer 3

Pushed for reform after his bro’s death wanted to send poor to roman colonies to find their wealth there extend citizenship to all of italy was killed along with 3,000 followers by the senate

Question 4

Celts, Goths, and Huns

Answer 4

Considered barbarians by romans
Unorganized groups of nomads living in europe at the time
Their nomadic lifestyle + tendency for attacking roman cities made rome >:(

Question 5

Pharisees

Answer 5

Group of people around when jesus lived. Liberal approach to jewish law
Resented roman occupation
Believed in resurrection of the dead
Identified with the masses
Not with jesus

Question 6

Sadducees

Answer 6

Group of people around when jesus lived.
Elites member of priesthood
Letter of the law
Favored cooperation w/romans
:( jesus

Question 7

Zealots

Answer 7

Militant extremist passionate uncompromising
Wanted: kick romans out
Believed jesus/messiah was there to save em from rome

Question 8

Essenes

Answer 8

Group of people around when Jesus lived. Very religious, practeced asceticism (punishing the body in order to connect with the spiritual)

Question 9

Jesus of Nazareth

Answer 9

Believed to be son of god/messiah
Known for messages and miracles
Preached:
- equality in the kingdom of heaven- made rome >:(
- Love god and neighbor
- Resurrection from dead after being killed by romans

Question 10

Peter

Answer 10

One of the 12 apostles. Spread christianity among Jewish people after the death of Jesus.

Question 11

Paul

Answer 11

Spread christianity to gentiles (non jews) in greek speaking world
Used to persecute christians before he converted and changed his name (used to be known as Saul).
Wrote many epistiles (letters written in greek)

Question 12

Nero

Answer 12

Roman Emporor, Famous for really hating christians and persecuting the heck out of them

Question 13

Diocletian

Answer 13

Roman Emporor, Divided Rome in two because it was getting too big

Question 14

Constantine

Answer 14

Roman Emporor
Converts to christianity on his deathbead.
Known for butting in on the church matters and making them hash it everything out in Nicea (resulting in the Nicean Creed)
Changed Byzantium’s name to Constantinople after himself

Question 15

Theodosius

Answer 15

Roman emperor
Makes Christianity the state religion

Flips the scipt and persecutes non-believers outlaws paganism

Question 16

Nicene Creed

Answer 16

Religious Document written in Nicea
Solution to a big fight that the christian church had during Constantine’s Rule about wether Jesus was begotten or made from god (did jesus always exist or did God have to make him).

Question 17

Nicea

Answer 17

Location chosen by Constantine for representitives of the christian church to duke it out and make the Nicene Creed.

Question 18

Byzantium/ Constantinople

Answer 18

Capital of the Byzantine empire (eastern rome). Renamed after Constantine. Today this city is known as Instanbul

Question 19

St. Valentine’s Day and Lupercalia

Answer 19

Example of rome trying to assimilate christianity into the empire

Took a pagan holiday celebrating fertility and turned it into a catholic holiday of love that we still celebrate today

Question 20

St. Augustine

Answer 20

Classically educated north african man who’s father was pagan and mother was christian. Wrote “ the Confessions” about his struggles of balancing pleasure with faith as someone who was not raised christian but became one later in life.
believes even when people know what the right thing to do is, they sill will choose not to do it

Question 21

Monasteries

Answer 21

places where monks or nuns lived communally away from the rest of civilization in order to focus on their faith.

Question 22

St. Benedict

Answer 22

Christian monk who became a saint because he created rules for monastic living. Very orderly, banned asceticism (hurting the body for religious purposes)

Question 23

Jus Gentium

Answer 23

International Law
Jus as in JUStice
applicable to everyone in the roman empire and even foreigners common law promotes peace and unity
Defined rules and regulations for contracts and trade
Made slavery and ownership of private land legal

Question 24

Latifunda

Answer 24

Large estates formed by individuals (often patricians)
Often made up of smaller properties bought off people who couldn’t afford its upkeep

Question 25

Paterfamilias

Answer 25

Male Head of the household
Pater as in PATERnal

Question 26

Stoicism

Answer 26

originally a greek philosophy created by Zeno, but was co-opted by the romans. Believed that all people are equal but also that emotions are often peoples downfall.

the modern word Stoic comes from this word

Question 27

Barbarians

Answer 27

Word that the romans used to refer to Huns, Goths, and Celts.
Eastern nomadic peoples that liked to sack rome. Didn’t have government, infrastucture, cities or writing and therefore the romans looked down on them.

Question 28

Messiah

Answer 28

Jewish term for savior

Question 29

Baptism, Eucharist

Answer 29

Christian rituals,
first one is an initiation ritual where one is purified by water, the second one is where bread and wine represent the body and blood of Jesus and are then eaten symbollically

Question 30

Gospels

Answer 30

Books in the New testament of the bible. Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

Question 31

Epistles

Answer 31

Letters written in Greek by Paul in order to spread christianity across the roman empire

Question 32

Martyrs

Answer 32

People who die for their faith

A lot of people became ____ when the Christians were persecuted by rome

Question 33

Monks

Answer 33

holy men who choose to distance themselves from society and live in isolation to focus on God

Question 34

Greek Orthodox Church

Answer 34

Eastern half of the Christian Church
Has mulitple patriarch’s in charge of the church
Was not the primary religion in the region

Question 35

Roman Catholic Church

Answer 35

Western half of the Christian Church. Capital is the vatican where the Pope (single religious leader) lives. Was the dominant religion in the region

Question 36

Pope

Answer 36

head of Roman Catholic Churce

Question 37

Patriarch

Answer 37

Head of Greek Orthodox Church

Question 38

icon

Answer 38

Pictures of religious figures (god, jesus, mary magdeline ect.) that people worship as Idols

Question 39

ionoclasts

Answer 39

People who believe that christians should not worship icons because it distracts them from god.

Question 40

Iconodules

Answer 40

People who believe they should be able to make and worship icons.