History of the Roman Republic (Roman Empires I powerpoint)

Question 1

Polybius

Answer 1

Historian; Greek political captive that wrote about Rome and its conquest of the known world

Question 2

Livy

Answer 2

Historian; Talked about glories of Rome, also the political conflict of commoners and aristocracy

Question 3

Tacitus

Answer 3

Historian; Talked about heroism of Roman conquers along with the feelings of the conquered

Question 4

Pompeii

Answer 4

An ancient roman city destroyed by a volcanic eruption, important because it is the only preserved roman city from that time, thanks to the volcanic ash. It gave us an insight into what life was like, with buildings, art, and molds of people’s last moments preserved in time

Question 5

Romulus and Remus

Answer 5

Characters in a Roman myth where two brothers, Romulus and Remus are raised (suckled) by a female wolf. The legend goes that after the two brothers were abandoned at birth and raised by wolves they would eventually found the city of Rome. But In the end, Romulus kills Remus. Rome is named after Romulus.

Question 6

Etruscans

Answer 6

Civilization to the north of Rome. the Etruscan kings that ruled rome for a bit, and from that, the Romans inherited a lot of their cultural and artistic traditions. They were wealthy traders and skilled metal workers

Question 7

Struggle of the Orders

Answer 7

REBELLION: Trying to gain equality in a lawful way
Patricians vs Plebians.
Events:
General Strike (494 B.C.E.)
Concilium Plebis (471 B.C.E.)
Twelve Tables (451 B.C.E.)
Allowed intermarrage (445 B.C.E.)
First Plebeian Consul (360 B.C.E.)

Question 8

General Strike

Answer 8

The Plebs make up most of the army so they refuse to fight to prove their point, forcing the Partricians to finally listen, and pass laws.

Question 9

Concilium Plebis

Answer 9

The Plebis get their own counsel to pass laws on fellow Plebis. Plebian Laws did not apply to patricians.

Question 10

Twelve Tables

Answer 10

Plebs finally create 12 bronze tablets with the Patrician’s laws engraved. The Plebis use this to learn the rules, stop being framed for crimes, and win in court.

Question 11

Intermarriage Between Classes

Answer 11

The plebs got a law passed that allowed intermarriage between plebians & pratrcicans. (allows social mobility)

Question 12

The First Plebian Counsul

Answer 12

The first Plebis to be on the council with the Pratricians. They were able to get a law passed stating that laws made by plebs must also followed by Patricians.

Question 13

Plebian

Answer 13

Lower class. Overwhelming majority.

Question 14

Patrician

Answer 14

Upper class. Wealthy and powerful.

Question 15

Republic

Answer 15

Romans expelled Etruscan kings, and established an oligarchy in 509BCE. Name is from Latin “res publica” meaning public property because the people ruled, not kings.

Question 16

Comitia Centuriata

Answer 16

Originally formed of Patricians. Decide policy, and elect chief magistrates.

Question 17

Consuls/ Chief Magistrates

Answer 17

2 people of equal rank that ran the state, led the army into battle when needed, and supervised finances. Served one year terms. Elected by the Commitia Centuriata.

Question 18

Praetor

Answer 18

There were 4, who acted in consul’s place when they were at battle, in charge of justice.

Question 19

Tribunes

Answer 19

Plebeian officer elected by plebeians charged with protecting plebeians lives and property

Question 20

Quaestor*

Answer 20

Two junior officials elected annually, financial officials (treasurers), minimum age of 25

Question 21

Censor*

Answer 21

Supervised morals and registered citizens

Question 22

Aediles*

Answer 22

Supervised streets and markets, presided over public festivals

Question 23

Senate*

Answer 23

Select group of 300, served for life. Advisory to consul, but eventually advice forced laws. Usually retired consuls and patricians

Question 24

Mare Nostrum

Answer 24

Means “Our Sea,” Rome’s name for the Mediterranean

Question 25

Carthage

Answer 25

Is the home or main place of the Phoenicians and was attacked by Scipio Africanus

Question 26

Sicily

Answer 26

The target of the punics, was the main place of the first punic war

Question 27

Roman Citizenship

Answer 27

Did not have to be born in Rome to become a citizen. no property tax and protected from aritraries arrest

Question 28

Punic

Answer 28

The people of Carthage and are the Latin term for the Phoenicians

Question 29

Punic Wars

Answer 29

The wars that was Fought between the Punics and the Romans

Question 30

First Punic War

Answer 30

Was a war fought over the island of Sicily between the Punics and Rome (264 - 241 B.C.E.) at the time, Rome had no navy and only built a navy after studying a Punic ship

Question 31

Second Punic War

Answer 31

When the Punics came from Spain over the Alps mountains to march on Rome led by Hannibal. Rome lost 40,000 in retaliation. general Scipio Africanus attacks Carthage (218 – 202 B.C.E.)

Question 32

Hannibal

Answer 32

The general that leads the march on Rome with 50,000 men in 15 day

Question 33

Scipio Africanus

Answer 33

The Roman general that attacked Carthage

Question 34

Third Punic War

Answer 34

Carthage was completely destroyed by Rome and Punics where destroyed 149-146 B.C.E.

Question 35

Roman Conquest

Answer 35

Moved to the west and took Gual( modern-day France and Germany) and spin. Moved east and freed the Greeks from the Macedonians. They took isreal and Judea along with Egypt

Question 36

Julius Cesar

Answer 36

Ruled as a dictator of Rome. extended citizenship to
provincials and sent 80,000 poor &
unemployed veterans to found 20 colonies along with instituting the Julian calendar.
Citizens are more then subjects

Question 37

Augustus Cesar

Answer 37

Grandnephew of Julius Cesar, imperator( first emperor), princeps, pontifex maximus, peace & trade, conservative policies

Question 38

How did Geography influence the development of Rome(city and empire)

Answer 38

The capital of Rome was placed in the middle of everything. Geography supported the conquest of the west and then moved east.

Question 39

Mediterrainian

Answer 39

Meaning “Middle of the earth” becasue it was so central. also known as Mare Nostrum

Question 40

Adriatic Sea

Answer 40

Sea to the East of Rome

Question 41

Apeninne Mountains

Answer 41

Mountain range reaching from North to South of Italy that cut off easy access to the Adriatic. Therefore, when conquring, the Romans started in the West.

Question 42

Tiber River

Answer 42

Steady source of water, there is a great crossing point in Rome that makes trade easy

Question 43

Latinum

Answer 43

Large farmland to the south of Rome. Latin (Roman language) is named after this place.