Roman Empire and Carthage Flashcards

1
Q

when does Polybius write and what does it cover?

A

polybius writes in second half of of 2nd century BCE, covered 264-146.
his books are fragmented and some lost

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2
Q

which significant did Polybius witness?

A

the destruction of Carthage

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3
Q

when does Livy write?

A

Livy writes early 1st century AD and uses earlier sources, covering 753-9 BCE

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4
Q

what was the first punic war, where did it mainly occur?

A

lasted from 264-241 BCE and was mainly a naval war and resulted in Carthaginian defeat

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5
Q

how did the first punic war end?

A

241, Treaty of Lutatius, Carthage must evacuate Sicily, free roman prisoner and pay Rome 3200 silver

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6
Q

when was second punic war?

A

lasted from 218-201 BCE, the roman lost a disastrous amount of men

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7
Q

How did the second punic war end?

A

Hannibal was defeated in 202 and a treaty was signed with Carthage in 201 which reduced its land and its military power. prevented Carthage from waging war without Rome’s permission

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8
Q

when was the third punic war?

A

lasted from 149-146 BCE

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9
Q

how did the Third Punic war end?

A

146, romans destroy the city of Corinth and Carthage

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10
Q

what were some of the effects of Roman conquest on society?

A

the influx of artwork, exposure to greek literature and artistic culture was embraced

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11
Q

what was some of the economic benefits of roman conquest?

A

massive amounts of wealth seized from wars allowed for roman citizens to be exempt from taxation in 167BCE

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12
Q

How did Cato the Elder criticise the influence of greek society?
what is the argument against this?

A

criticised greek influence on culture and the corrupting influence on traditional roman behaviour
however this was an invention of his own, as their was no sense of identity among romans

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13
Q

what did Cato the Elders writing suggest about roman institutions?

A

They had worked better in the recent past and the roman elite agreed their hegemonic status in the world through the destruction of Carthage

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14
Q

what was the African boom?

A

period of economic prosperity in 2nd century AD, massive surge in African exports

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15
Q

what is the evidence of impact of the African boom across the Mediterranean?

A

initially trade heads to Italy and Rome then spreads to rest of Med.
amphorae, fine ware and cookware in central Med

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16
Q

what was the impact on Carthage of African boom?

A

Carthage grows to 2nd largest city in western empire after Rome

17
Q

what was traveling with the pottery in trade across the Mediterranean?

A

olive oil, fish sauce, wine, grain, textiles

18
Q

what was Rome’s initial influence in France?

A

entry into France was initially through trade but was followed by military conquest and imperial administration

19
Q

what was the social and cultural influence of romans in France?

A

domination in southern France resulted in change in language and eradication of native language replaced with latin and the restructure of landscapes with monuments and structures

20
Q

when did Italian Imports begin to flow through France significantly? what was being exported?

A

3rd c. BCE Italian imports flowed through region at unseen rate, wine in amphoras imported into France and the rest of Gaul

21
Q

how many amphoras are estimated to be imported into French province?

A

55-65 million amphoras of wine imported into gaul through 1st century of roman occupation

22
Q

what was pre-roman trade like in the mediterranean?

A

ship wreaks have shown pre roman trade was more mixed cargo with punic amphoras and fine ware, small scale operation by merchants

23
Q

what was significance of coinage in mediterranean France?

A

there was no significant evidence of monetary circulation until 2nd c. BCE under roman control

24
Q

what was the significance of roman coinage in France?

A

coins had been distributed enough to form monetary economy after a generation of distribution.
The range of coins was extremely diverse including from Rome, Iberia and Rhodes