civil rights Flashcards
when was plessy v Ferguson? what was it?
1896 - court ruled that separate but equal was constitutional and didn’t violate law
what was the 14th amendment?
gave black Americans equal protection in law
what was the 15th amendment?
1870, allowed black American men to vote
what were Jim Crow laws?
the name Given to laws passed by southern states to restrict the rights and freedoms of black Americans in late 19th century. included segregated facilities and public transport
what was the executive order president Roosevelt issued in 1941?
EO that outlawed racial discrimination in government and military creating fair employment,
what provoked the executive order passed by Roosevelt?
thousands of black Americans threatened to march on Washington, which scared those in Washington
what did the executive order passed by president Truman do?
1948 civil rights agenda that would end discrimination in the military
what was the Montgomery bus boycott? when was it?
sparked by rosa parks and led by MLK, black Americans refused to use Alabama bus system.
it lasted from December 1955 to November 1956
what were the demands of the Montgomery bus boycott?
they demanded more black drivers and increased stops in black neighbourhoods, desegregating bus seats
what was the outcome of the Montgomery bus boycott?
Montgomery federal court ruled that racially segregated seating violated 14th amendment
what was the white backlash to integration of busses?
snipers fired into busses, in 1957 four black churches and black leaders were bombed by members of the KKK
what was brown v board? when was it?
1954, case Brought by the NAACP and ruled that separate but equal was unconstitutional and demanded school desegregation happen immediately
what was the second brown v board ruling?
1955, the Supreme Court demanded schools integrate “with all deliberate speed”
what happened at Little Rock?
1957, 9 black students arrived at integrated school and were met by a mob of white resistance and resulted in the president ordering federal troops to escort pupils to class
what was the civil rights act 1957?
passed by president Eisenhower, allowed for prosecution of anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting and created commission for voter fraud
what was the march on Washington?
1963, led by MLK and was most famous event of movement, more than 200,000 people attended. was the sight of “I have a dream” speech
what was the civil rights act 1964?
passed by president Lyndon B. Johnson, guaranteed equal employment and limited voter literacy tests, further ensured integration of facilities
what was Bloody Sunday?
march 7 1965, peaceful protesters marched against the killing of civil rights activist by white police officer. protestors were met on a bridge in Alabama by police tear gas and beatings
what was voting rights act 1965?
passed by president Johnson, banned all voter literacy tests, attempting to prevent racial discrimination in voting
what was the kerner commission?
1967, a report from commission on civil disorders, blamed white society and racism for black violence and saw society heading towards greater segregation. recommended spending on poverty. but this was ignored
how did the war on drugs change race relations?
1980s war on drugs took off and has resulted in mass incarceration of black Americans which some call the ‘new Jim crow”.
what were the chances of white and black Americans spending time in prison in 1991?
29% chance of Black males and 1% chance of white males spending time in prison
what was one of the causes for mass incarceration?
the introduction of mandatory sentencing in anti drug abuse act 1986
when did black American community begin to have cultural success?
1980s, black Americans becoming big celebrities e.g oprah, Eddie Murphy, Michael Jackson
