roman empire

Question 1

periodization

MEM LR PJ FF SBD

Answer 1

The Monarchy (c. 753 BC-509 BC)
The Early Republic (509-264 BC)
The Middle Republic (264-133 BC)
The Late Republic (133-27 BC)
The Roman Empire (27 BC - AD 476)
The Principate (27 BC - AD 28
The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC - AD 68)
The Flavian Dynasty (69-96)
The Five Good Emperors (96-180)
 The Severan Dynasty (193-235)
The Barracks Emperors (235-284)
The Dominate (284-476)
MEM LR PJ FF SBD

Question 2

THE MONARCHY: rulers

Answer 2

seven kings of Rome, starting with Romulus and ending with Tarquin the Proud

Question 3

When Tarquin was overthrown as a tyrant, the senate took charge permanently, creating a republic with elected magistrates to rule and govern Rome.

Answer 3

this is end result after the kings

Question 4

cursus honorum

Answer 4

Each year, the Romans elected two consuls, as well as other lower magistrates, such as praetors, aediles, and quaestors. These magistrates ran the city government of Rome, and also administered Rome’s provinces that were acquired over time. Aspiring politicians rose through a series of junior magistracies to consul, a system known as

Question 5

augur

Answer 5

priest who reads omens

Question 6

mos maiorum

Answer 6

• Literally meaning ‘the custom of those who came before’,
• the concept of the mos maiorum dictated how the competition for dignitas should be conducted. There was a right and wrong way to go about this, and the right way had the weight of long years of tradition behind it.
• The Romans tended to be very conservative, at least in theory, when it came to politics and morality (the reality might not always reflect the theory, however).

Question 7

dignitas

Answer 7

Dignitas really amounted to the authority and prestige of the family. A Roman added to his dignitas by acting according to the traditional norms of the mos maiorum, which included running for and winning political office, and serving in the military.

Question 8

(the paterfamilias)

Answer 8

head of the family (the paterfamilias), who ruled over his family the way a king might rule over a city or kingdom.

Question 9

the struggle of orders

Answer 9

However, because the bulk of the population in Rome were plebeians, this class bore the brunt of military service, taxation, and debt-slavery in Rome. The real problem was that many plebeians had become wealthy enough to rival some of the Patricians, but were being barred from political office and prestigious family connections. A contest known as the “Struggle of the Orders” developed.

Question 10

tribunes ofplebs

Answer 10

• Originally, the tribunes were the chief magistrates elected by the Plebeian Assembly.
• They were considered sacrosanct, so no one could physically fight against them or interfere with them.
• They also had the veto power (veto means ‘I forbid’),

Question 11

Twelve Tables (in 451 BC),

Answer 11

which established a real commitment to the rule of law in Rome. The tables were published in the forum (the center meeting area in Rome) so all could see and refer to them, much like Draco’s Code. The Twelve Tables contained laws for public and private life, defined the obligations and risks of debtors and creditors, and prevented arbitrary aggravations by patrician magistrates. Other changes followed over time.

Question 12

decurions

Answer 12

The leading members of the cities and provinces, known as decurions, competed for local offices, paid for some local public works, and instituted Roman laws to replace or enhance their own local laws.

Question 13

Plautus (ca. 254-184 BC)

Answer 13

playwright

-

Question 14

Polybius

Answer 14

• The Rise of the Roman Empire
• The Histories
• first major historian

Question 15

Terence (ca. 195-159 BC)

Answer 15

play write

Question 16

Cicero (106-43 BC)

Answer 16

-He believed that natural law (the logos) governs the universe, and applies to all.
-On Duties,
in which discussed the best way to live as both a Roman citizen and as a moral human being.

Question 17

Lucretius (ca. 96-55 BC)

Answer 17

On the Nature of Things, he denounced superstition and religion (which were about the same thing in his view) in favor of reason.

Question 18

Sallust (86-35 BC)

Answer 18

• politicians:
  Gaius Marius (The Jugurthine War)
  and Lucius Catiline (The Catilinarian Conspiracy).

Question 19

Virgil (70-19 BC)

Answer 19

• the roman homer

- Aeneid

Question 20

Horace (65-8 BC)

Answer 20

• poet
• lyric poems known as Odes
• Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori”
• pithy phrases like carpe diem (‘seize the day’).

Question 21

Livy (59 BC- AD 17)

Answer 21

From the Founding of the City

-history

Question 22

Ovid (43 BC – AD 17

Answer 22

-poem is the Metamorphoses

Question 23

Plutarch (ca. 50-120 AD

Answer 23

famous set of historical biographies, which again emphasized the moral and political lessons of history. His biography of Cato the Elder

Question 24

Tacitus (AD 55-118)

Answer 24

Annals,
a history of the early Roman Emperors
-important treatise on the Germanic peoples, entitled Germania

Question 25

Ptolemy (ca. 90-168 AD)

Answer 25

geographer and astronomer who dominated geographical and astronomical thinking

• latitude and longitude
• geographical guide to the world

Question 26

Galen (129-c. 200 AD)

Answer 26

• physician

- anatomy

Question 27

Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180)

Answer 27

his written thoughts, known as the
Meditations, which show him seeking God’s help (the logos) to live a virtuous life (according to divine order) so as to find happiness.

Question 28

Imperium

Answer 28

the power to command, power authorized to act for state

Question 29

collegiality

Answer 29

ensures equality

Question 30

annuality

Answer 30

appoint new people and if run for office

Question 31

auspiciam

Answer 31

consult gods

Question 32

comitia

Answer 32

.

Question 33

demagogue

Answer 33

A popular politician who could control the masses through oratory-would over throw that traditional competition by promising debt relief , more free grain, and perhaps even grants of land to the poor

Question 34

tribune of the plebs

Answer 34

originally-chief magistrates elected by plebian assembly. had veto power, couldnt be physically fought with
later-became main legislature cooperating with consuls, and consulting senate

Question 35

decurions

Answer 35

The leading members of the cities and provinces

Question 36

leader of senate elected

Answer 36

consul

Question 37

the tetrarchy

Answer 37

four way division of the empire to gain better control