Rolin's group therapy text

Question 1

Group work

Answer 1

Individuals with a common purpose come together and benefit by mutually giving and receiving feedback within the dynamic and unique group context.

Question 2

Therapeutic factors

Answer 2

Aspects of the group experience that leaders and members have identified as curative and facilitative of therapeutic change.

Question 3

Universality

Answer 3

the patient’s recognition that other people feel the same way or have had the same experiences

Question 4

Three phases of group development

Answer 4

Orientation phase
Working phase
Termination phase

Question 5

Orientation phase of group development

Answer 5

The group is forming
The leader creates structure and trust
The purpose of the group is stated
Members get to know each other

Question 6

Working phase of group development

Answer 6

The group leader encourages problem solving
Group members may support or be in conflict, or both
“Storming, norming, and performing”

Question 7

Termination phase of group development

Answer 7

The group leader’s role is to encourage members to reflect on progress they have made and identify post-termination goals

Question 8

Three group member roles

Answer 8

Task roles
Maintenance roles
Individual roles

Question 9

Task roles

Answer 9

Keep the group focused and productive

Question 10

Maintenance roles

Answer 10

Keep the group together

Help members feel worthwhile and included

Question 11

Individual roles

Answer 11

People are who they are

Question 12

Three group therapy leadership styles

Answer 12

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire

Question 13

The autocratic leader

Answer 13

Controlling

Question 14

The democratic leader

Answer 14

Supports extensive group interaction in the process of problem solving. Psychotherapy groups most often employ this empowering leadership style.

Question 15

The laissez-faire leader

Answer 15

Allows the group members to behave in any way they choose

Question 16

Giving information

Answer 16

Providing resources and information that supports treatment goals

Question 17

Clarification

Answer 17

Asks the group member to expand and clarify what they mean.

“What do you mean when you say ‘I can’t go back to work?’”

Question 18

Confrontation

Answer 18

Encourages the group member to explore inconsistencies in their communication or behavior.
“Jane, you’re saying ‘nothing’s wrong,’ but you’re crying.”

Question 19

Reflection

Answer 19

Encourages the group member to explore and expand on feelings (rather than thoughts or events).
“I noticed you’re clenching your fists. What are you feeling right now?”

Question 20

Summarization

Answer 20

Closes a discussion or group session by pointing out key issues and insights

Question 21

Psychodynamic/ psychoanalytic theory

Answer 21

Applies Freud’s concepts of psychoanalysis to individual members and to the group itself; focus is on unconscious conflicts and transference; goal is insight

Question 22

Interpersonal theory

Answer 22

Applies Sullivan’s theories about interpersonal learning; focus is on understanding how current relationships repeat early significant relationships; goal is to rebuild individual’s personality

Question 23

Communication theory

Answer 23

Applies a systems model, holding that the whole (group) is greater than the sum of its parts (members); focus is on subgroups and communication, both verbal and nonverbal; goal is to learn clear, congruent communication skills

Question 24

Group process theory

Answer 24

Applies Tuckman’s stages of group development, analyzes the group with a focus on individual roles and group patterns of behavior (phases, norms, etc.); goal is to resolve authority and intimacy issues

Question 25

Existential/Gestalt theory

Answer 25

Applies theories of Maslow, Yalom and Rogers to encourage individuals to develop to full potential; focus is on the here and now to increase members’ awareness of feelings and meaning; goal is self-actualization in which individual takes full responsibility for choices

Question 26

Cognitive-behavioral theory

Answer 26

Applies Beck’s cognitive behavior therapy; focus is on behavior, linking symptom manifestations to thinking patterns, with the group used to reinforce adaptive behavior and minimize and reframe dysfunctional thought patterns; time limited; goal is to change behavior through shifting thinking patterns