Role of the Kidneys in Homeostasis

Question 1

Function of Urethra

Answer 1

Carries urine out of body

Question 2

Function of Bladder

Answer 2

Stores urine

Question 3

Function of Renal Artery

Answer 3

Brings blood to kidney

Question 4

What is Urea?

Answer 4

Waste material excreted by kidney

Question 5

Function of Ureter

Answer 5

Carries urine away from kidney

Question 6

Two methods of treating kidney failure

Answer 6

• Kidney dialysis machine

- Kidney transplant

Question 7

3 substances found in normal urine

Answer 7

• Urea
• Water
• Mineral salts

Question 8

Advantage of kidney transplant

Answer 8

One operation in hospital

Question 9

Disadvantage of transplant

Answer 9

Body could reject transplanted kidney

Question 10

Advantage of kidney dialysis machine

Answer 10

No drugs needed

Question 11

Disadvantage of kidney dialysis machine

Answer 11

Possible low blood pressure

Question 12

One way number of kidney transplants could be increased

Answer 12

Encourage more donors

Question 13

Substances found in blood

Answer 13

Protein, water, urea, glucose

Question 14

Substances found in filtrate in tubule

Answer 14

Water, urea, glucose

Question 15

Why is protein not found in tubule?

Answer 15

Too big to filter through tubule

Question 16

Function of semi permeable membrane in kidney dialysis machine

Answer 16

Allow urea and water to pass through but stop glucose and proteins from passing through

Question 17

Why does dialysis fluid contain glucose in same concentration as blood?

Answer 17

So glucose doesn’t diffuse through tubing as there is the same amount on each side

Question 18

Why is it important to change dialysis fluid regularly when using kidney dialysis machine?

Answer 18

• So urea doesn’t diffuse back in

- So there will remain a lower concentration of urea inside otherwise dialysis won’t work

Question 19

Describe how body controls water loss (QWC)

Answer 19

• Lack of water, plasma becomes more concentrated with solutes
• Detected by brain
• Greater volume of Anti-Diuretic Hormone produced
• Causes nephron to absorb more water
• Urine more concentrated

Question 20

Describe how body controls water increase (QWC)

Answer 20

• Plasma contains more water
• Less Anti-Diuretic Hormone produced
• Less water reabsorbed
• Urine more dilute

Question 21

Why is arteriole that enters capillary knot wider than the arteriole that leaves capillary?

Answer 21

More pressure in capillary knot as blood passes through so small molecules can be pushed out (ultrafiltration)

Question 22

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 22

Forces small molecules/substances like urea, water, salts and glucose out of blood

Question 23

Large molecules that aren’t pushed out of blood during ultrafiltration

Answer 23

Proteins and cells

Question 24

What is selective reabsorption?

Answer 24

Putting all the Glucose that the nephron filtered out back into blood along with most of the water and some salts

Question 25

What is left in liquid inside tubule when reaching collecting duct?

Answer 25

Urea, excess salts and excess water

Question 26

Definition of Xenotransplantation

Answer 26

Removing organs from an animal to give to human patient to prolong their life

Question 27

What is negative feedback?

Answer 27

Hormone cancels itself out

Make more ADH, less ADH is needed

Question 28

Explain how Anti-Diuretic Hormone helps kidney regulate water content of blood (QWC)

Answer 28

• ADH produced by brain
• Causes kidney to reabsorb more water
• Produced when blood too concentrated and makes walls of collecting duct permeable to water
• Water that would’ve gone to bladder in urine is reabsorbed back into blood instead
• Urine produced is concentrated
• Once water reabsorbed and blood concentration back to normal, brain stops producing ADH
• Walls of collecting duct impermeable to water again
• Larger volumes of dilute urine
• Alcohol prevents release of ADH

Question 29

What stops release of ADH?

Answer 29

Alcohol